Biomarkers in Diabetic Foot

Area of Science:

• Endocrinology and Metabolism
• Wound Healing Research
• Biomarker Discovery

Background:

• Diabetes mellitus impacts nearly 600 million adults globally.
• Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) are a frequent complication, stemming from neuropathy, ischemia, infection, and poor healing.
• Biomarkers are crucial for early DFU diagnosis, risk assessment, and management.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the role of various biomarkers in diabetic foot ulcer management.
• To highlight the potential of integrating multiple biomarker types for personalized DFU care.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies on biomarkers in DFU.
• Analysis of inflammatory markers (CRP, IL-6, TNF-α).
• Assessment of oxidative stress indicators (MDA, 8-OHdG) and metabolic markers (HbA1c, glucose, CGM).

Main Results:

• Chronic inflammation and cellular damage in nonhealing wounds are indicated by CRP, IL-6, TNF-α, MDA, and 8-OHdG.
• Wound surface area trends and metabolic markers like HbA1c and glucose inform prognosis.
• Combined biomarker data can guide personalized treatment strategies.

Conclusions:

• Integrating inflammatory, oxidative stress, and metabolic biomarkers offers a comprehensive approach to DFU management.
• Personalized interventions based on biomarker profiles may reduce DFU-related morbidity and amputation rates.
• Further research into integrated biomarker panels is warranted for clinical application.