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Understanding DREADD (Diabetes-Related Extremity Amputation Depression and Distress).

Bradley M Brooks1, Cyaandi R Dove2, Brady M Brooks3

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, University of South Alabama Health, Mobile, AL, USA.

Clinics in Podiatric Medicine and Surgery
|March 19, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Diabetes-related extremity amputation depression and distress (DREADD) can be a traumatic experience. Surgeons should screen patients for DREADD before and after amputation, involving mental health clinicians in limb preservation teams.

Keywords:
AmputationDREADDDepressionDiabetes distressDiabetes mellitusDiabetic footMental healthPodiatryPsychiatryScreening

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Psychology
  • Surgical Oncology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Nontraumatic amputations, including minor ones, can lead to significant psychological distress.
  • Diabetes-related extremity amputation depression and distress (DREADD) is a recognized but potentially underestimated complication.
  • Patient experiences highlight the traumatic nature of non-traumatic amputations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate patient attitudes and experiences following nontraumatic amputations.
  • To understand the psychological impact of limb loss in diabetic patients.
  • To inform strategies for mitigating DREADD.

Main Methods:

  • Semistructured interviews were conducted with patients undergoing nontraumatic amputations.
  • Qualitative analysis of patient narratives to identify themes of distress and coping.
  • Review of existing literature on DREADD and limb preservation.

Main Results:

  • Nontraumatic amputations are frequently perceived as traumatic events by patients.
  • Patients experience significant depression and distress (DREADD) post-amputation.
  • Existing screening and support mechanisms may be insufficient.

Conclusions:

  • Pre- and post-operative screening for DREADD is crucial for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
  • Early referral and intervention are necessary to manage psychological distress.
  • Integration of mental health professionals into multidisciplinary limb preservation teams is recommended.