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Leprdb Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes: Pancreatic Islet Isolation and Live-cell 2-Photon Imaging Of Intact Islets
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Type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Melanie J Davies1,2, Soo Lim3, Tommy Slater4,5

  • 1Diabetes Research Centre, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK. melanie.davies39@nhs.net.

Nature Reviews. Disease Primers
|March 20, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a growing global health issue, especially in younger individuals, leading to severe complications. A holistic approach addressing glucose, weight, comorbidities, and social factors is crucial for effective management.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic, progressive condition influenced by genetic, biological, behavioral, and social factors.
  • Increasing obesity rates have significantly altered T2DM epidemiology, with a rise in early-onset T2DM (<40 years) presenting more aggressive progression and complications.
  • While cardiovascular complication rates have decreased in some regions, T2DM is increasingly linked to non-traditional issues like mental health decline, cognitive impairment, multimorbidity, and reduced quality of life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the evolving epidemiology and complex nature of Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
  • To emphasize the challenges posed by early-onset T2DM and the increasing prevalence of obesity-related complications.
  • To advocate for a comprehensive, person-centered approach to T2DM management that integrates various health and social factors.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current epidemiological trends in Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
  • Analysis of disease progression, risk factors, and complication profiles in early-onset versus later-onset T2DM.
  • Examination of emerging non-traditional complications and the impact of obesity.

Main Results:

  • T2DM prevalence is increasing, particularly in younger populations, associated with worse outcomes.
  • Obesity is a major driver of T2DM and its complications.
  • Mental health, cognitive function, multimorbidity, and quality of life are increasingly recognized as critical aspects of T2DM care.

Conclusions:

  • The complex, multifactorial nature of T2DM necessitates a holistic, person-centered management strategy.
  • Effective T2DM care must integrate glucose and weight control with management of comorbidities, physical behaviors, psychosocial well-being, and social determinants of health.
  • Addressing socioeconomic disparities is vital for equitable prevention and access to care for Type 2 diabetes.