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Consistently mapped but consistently demanding: Predicting skilled performance.

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Cognitive abilities like fluid intelligence predict performance on complex tasks, even after practice. Task complexity overrides consistency benefits, meaning cognitive skills remain crucial regardless of training.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Expertise Research
  • Skill Acquisition

Background:

  • Task performance differences are linked to cognitive abilities and practice.
  • Consistent stimulus-response mappings facilitate task automatization in simple tasks.
  • Complex tasks may maintain the influence of fluid abilities despite training.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how stimulus-response consistency affects cognitive abilities in complex learning.
  • To determine if practice changes the relationship between cognitive abilities and performance on complex tasks.
  • To extend prior research on skill acquisition and expertise with a novel complex task.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a large sample (N=818) of university and community participants.
  • Employed an extensive cognitive ability battery and a novel complex learning task.
  • Manipulated stimulus-response consistency and controlled other task features, analyzed with multigroup structural equation modeling.

Main Results:

  • Variable mapping impaired performance but did not alter the underlying cognitive abilities required.
  • Fluid intelligence was the primary predictor of performance on both consistent and variable tasks.
  • Completion time was predicted by fluid intelligence and processing speed.

Conclusions:

  • Task complexity can override the benefits of stimulus-response consistency.
  • Cognitive abilities, particularly fluid intelligence, remain influential in complex tasks despite practice.
  • Findings suggest that cognitive determinants of performance are robust in complex learning environments.