Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 21, 2026
05:30
Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit
Published on: September 8, 2023
1.2K
Statistical quantum mechanics of the random permutation sorting system: A self-stabilizing true uniform random number
1Quantropi, 1545 Carling Avenue, Suite 620, Ottawa, Ontario K1Z 8P9, Canada.
Physical Review. E
|March 20, 2026
Summary
We developed a novel random permutation sorting system (RPSS) that generates high-quality random numbers by leveraging a quantum-inspired statistical model. This system offers a robust, platform-agnostic entropy source for cryptography and blockchain applications.
Area of Science:
- Computer Science
- Information Theory
- Quantum Computing Inspired Systems
Background:
- Conventional random number generators face challenges in producing high-quality, unpredictable randomness.
- Existing entropy sources can be platform-dependent or lack theoretical grounding in physical mechanisms.
Purpose of the Study:
- To introduce and validate a new software-defined framework, the random permutation sorting system (RPSS), for generating uniform random numbers.
- To provide a theoretical and experimental investigation into the underlying physical mechanism of randomness generation.
- To establish a quantum-inspired approach for robust entropy generation in cryptographic and blockchain systems.
Main Methods:
- Developed a statistical model based on conjugate observables: permutation count and elapsed sorting time.
- Provided a mathematical proof for the synchronous convergence of these observables to uniformity.
- Implemented the RPSS as the qpp-rng software, harvesting entropy from microarchitectural dynamics.
- Validated outputs using NIST SP 800-90B min-entropy and χ-squared statistics.
Main Results:
- Demonstrated that raw distributions of permutation counts and elapsed time converge to uniformity.
- Confirmed negative binomial model for permutation count distributions, matching theoretical predictions.
- Empirical validation showed rapid entropy convergence and statistically uniform outputs.
- The qpp-rng achieved NIST SP 800-90B compliance, indicating high-quality randomness.
Conclusions:
- The RPSS functions as a true uniform random number generator by leveraging combinatorial complexity and modular uniformization.
- Established a class of quantum-inspired ecocryptosystems utilizing hardware unpredictability and combinatorial amplification.
- The RPSS provides a compact, self-stabilizing, and platform-agnostic entropy engine for critical applications.
Related Concept Videos
02:39Entropy
37.5K
Salt particles that have dissolved in water never spontaneously come back together in solution to reform solid particles. Moreover, a gas that has expanded in a vacuum remains dispersed and never spontaneously reassembles. The unidirectional nature of these phenomena is the result of a thermodynamic state function called entropy (S). Entropy is the measure of the extent to which the energy is dispersed throughout a system, or in other words, it is proportional to the degree of disorder of a...
37.5K
01:18Entropy
3.8K
The first law of thermodynamics is quantitatively formulated via an equation relating the internal energy of a system, the heat exchanged by it, and the work done on it. A quantitative formulation of the second law of thermodynamics leads to defining a state function, the entropy.
When an ideal gas expands isothermally, the disorder in the gas increases. From the molecular perspective, the gas molecules have more volume to move around in.
Consider an infinitesimal step in the expansion, which...
When an ideal gas expands isothermally, the disorder in the gas increases. From the molecular perspective, the gas molecules have more volume to move around in.
Consider an infinitesimal step in the expansion, which...
3.8K
03:06The Pauli Exclusion Principle
60.8K
The arrangement of electrons in the orbitals of an atom is called its electron configuration. We describe an electron configuration with a symbol that contains three pieces of information:
60.8K
02:43Quantum Numbers
53.8K
It is said that the energy of an electron in an atom is quantized; that is, it can be equal only to certain specific values and can jump from one energy level to another but not transition smoothly or stay between these levels.
53.8K
01:14The Entropy as a State Function
67
Consider an arbitrary process that moves between two specific states (A and B) in a cyclic manner. This process is reversible and broken down into smaller parts that each follow a Carnot cycle. A Carnot cycle has two isothermal (constant temperature) processes. During these processes, the ratio of the amount of heat transferred to their respective temperature remains constant. The other two processes in the Carnot cycle are also reversible but adiabatic, which means they occur without any heat...
67
02:49Second Law of Thermodynamics
28.0K
In the quest to identify a property that may reliably predict the spontaneity of a process, a promising candidate has been identified: entropy. Processes that involve an increase in entropy of the system (ΔS > 0) are very often spontaneous; however, examples to the contrary are plentiful. By expanding consideration of entropy changes to include the surroundings, a significant conclusion regarding the relation between this property and spontaneity may be reached. In thermodynamic models, the...
28.0K