Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography01:22

Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography

3.3K
Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG) and Cystography are specialized radiographic procedures used to examine the structure and function of the bladder and urethra.Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG)A Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG) is a diagnostic imaging procedure that assesses the anatomy and function of the lower urinary tract. It focuses on the bladder, bladder neck, and urethra, helping detect abnormalities such as vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)—the backward or reverse flow of urine into the...
3.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Intermediate clinical endpoints as surrogates for overall survival after salvage prostatectomy.

BJU international·2026
Same author

Development and Internal Validation of a Side-Specific Nomogram Integrating mpMRI and Biopsy Features to Guide Nerve-Sparing Decision Making in Prostate Cancer with Capsular Contact.

Cancers·2026
Same author

Impact of Obesity on Systemic Treatment Outcomes in Metastatic Urological Malignancies.

Obesity science & practice·2026
Same author

Micro- and nanoplastics in the human genitourinary system: oncological impact - a systematic review.

BJU international·2026
Same author

Evaluating Oncological Outcomes in Patients with Multiple PiRADS Lesion Treated with Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy for Prostate Cancer: Results from a Large Contemporary Cohort with Centralized MpMRI Evaluation in a High-Volume Center.

Journal of clinical medicine·2026
Same author

Beyond One-Size-Fits-All Active Surveillance for Low-Risk Prostate Cancer: Risk-Adapted Follow-Up, De-Escalation Pathways, and Focal Therapy as Tailored Strategy.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 21, 2026

Induction of Invasive Transitional Cell Bladder Carcinoma in Immune Intact Human MUC1 Transgenic Mice: A Model for Immunotherapy Development
11:02

Induction of Invasive Transitional Cell Bladder Carcinoma in Immune Intact Human MUC1 Transgenic Mice: A Model for Immunotherapy Development

Published on: October 30, 2013

21.9K

Refining BCG-failure classifications in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

Aleksander Ślusarczyk1, Pietro Scilipoti2,3, Roberto Contieri4

  • 1Department of General, Oncological and Functional Urology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.

BJU International
|March 20, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) treatment for bladder cancer shows poor outcomes for BCG-unresponsive and BCG-exposed non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Refined classification reveals varied prognoses, with late relapses having worse outcomes than very late relapses.

Keywords:
BCG failureBCG therapyBCG‐unresponsive tumourNMIBCprogressionsurvivalurinary neoplasm of the bladderurothelial cancer

More Related Videos

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Assessment of Carcinogen-induced Murine Bladder Tumors
05:19

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Assessment of Carcinogen-induced Murine Bladder Tumors

Published on: March 29, 2019

11.0K
An Orthotopic Bladder Cancer Model for Gene Delivery Studies
07:48

An Orthotopic Bladder Cancer Model for Gene Delivery Studies

Published on: December 1, 2013

13.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 21, 2026

Induction of Invasive Transitional Cell Bladder Carcinoma in Immune Intact Human MUC1 Transgenic Mice: A Model for Immunotherapy Development
11:02

Induction of Invasive Transitional Cell Bladder Carcinoma in Immune Intact Human MUC1 Transgenic Mice: A Model for Immunotherapy Development

Published on: October 30, 2013

21.9K
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Assessment of Carcinogen-induced Murine Bladder Tumors
05:19

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Assessment of Carcinogen-induced Murine Bladder Tumors

Published on: March 29, 2019

11.0K
An Orthotopic Bladder Cancer Model for Gene Delivery Studies
07:48

An Orthotopic Bladder Cancer Model for Gene Delivery Studies

Published on: December 1, 2013

13.2K

Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Oncology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) treatment often involves Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG).
  • Defining BCG-unresponsive and BCG-exposed NMIBC is crucial for prognosis.
  • Heterogeneity in outcomes among BCG failure types requires investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To validate International Bladder Cancer Group (IBCG) definitions for BCG-unresponsive and BCG-exposed NMIBC.
  • To assess prognostic differences across various types of BCG failure in NMIBC patients.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of a multicentre international cohort of 3806 BCG-treated patients.
  • Inclusion of 591 patients with high-grade NMIBC recurrence after BCG (2003-2024).
  • Primary endpoint: Progression-free survival (PFS); Secondary endpoints: Cancer-specific mortality (CSM) and overall mortality (OM).

Main Results:

  • BCG-unresponsive and BCG-exposed NMIBC showed similar PFS, CSM, and OM.
  • Prognosis varied significantly when stratified: 5-year progression rates ranged from 6.2% (BCG-resistant) to 32.5% (late relapse).
  • Late relapse, BCG-exposed after inadequate BCG, and BCG-unresponsive were associated with higher progression risks compared to very late relapse.

Conclusions:

  • Current IBCG definitions indicate similar poor outcomes for BCG-unresponsive and BCG-exposed NMIBC.
  • A more refined classification highlights prognostic heterogeneity.
  • Very late relapses after BCG confer a better prognosis than late relapses or BCG-unresponsive disease.