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Age-related changes in static and dynamic postural balance performance.

A Rizzato1, M Bozzato1, A Paoli1

  • 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience
|March 20, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Older adults maintain static balance but show deficits in dynamic balance control due to age-related changes. Assessments should differentiate between static and dynamic balance for accurate evaluation.

Keywords:
agingbalancecenter of pressurefall riskperturbationspostural controlsample entropy

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Gerontology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Age-related neuromuscular and sensory decline impacts balance and stability.
  • Static balance tests may not reveal deficits apparent during unexpected balance disturbances.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare static and dynamic balance performance in younger and older adults.
  • To identify age-related differences in postural control mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Sixty-nine younger and sixty-one older adults underwent static and dynamic balance assessments using a force platform.
  • Center of Pressure (CoP) parameters (Area95D, Mean VelocityD, FP, PPV, ΔCoPMax) and Sample Entropy (SampEn) were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Static balance performance was similar between groups, though older adults showed reduced efficiency.
  • Older adults exhibited impaired dynamic balance, with larger CoP displacement, velocity, and first peak.
  • Reduced Sample Entropy in the Y-axis for older adults indicated altered automaticity in postural control.

Conclusions:

  • Age-related balance control differences are task-specific, affecting dynamic but not static balance.
  • Older adults demonstrate poorer reactive balance responses during dynamic tasks.
  • Static and dynamic balance involve distinct control mechanisms, necessitating separate evaluation methods.