Anatomical variations of the maxillary sinuses: A cross-sectional study

Area of Science:

• Anatomy
• Radiology
• Otolaryngology

Background:

• Anatomical variations of the maxillary sinus are clinically significant.
• Factors influencing maxillary sinus volume (MSV) require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate MSV and associated anatomical variations in an Iraqi population.
• To identify factors influencing MSV, including sex, age, and specific anatomical variations.

Main Methods:

• Multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) was used to assess MSV and variations.
• Radiant DICOM viewer software facilitated measurements of sinus dimensions and volume.
• Evaluated variations included infraorbital nerve (ION) protrusion, septation, Haller cells, and hypoplasia.

Main Results:

• Maxillary sinus asymmetry was frequently observed.
• Males exhibited significantly larger MSV than females bilaterally.
• A strong association was found between ION protrusion and increased MSV.

Conclusions:

• Substantial anatomical variability exists within the maxillary sinus.
• Preoperative imaging is vital, especially with ION protrusion, for safe surgical planning.
• Sex is a significant determinant of MSV, while age shows a variable effect.