Epidemiology of Traumatic Spinal Fractures at Ibra Hospital, Oman: A Retrospective Study With Regional Comparisons

Traumatic spinal fractures represent a significant public health burden, associated with high morbidity, mortality, and socioeconomic costs, particularly in regions with limited epidemiological data, such as the Middle East.

This article aims to describe the prevalence, demographic and injury characteristics, management, outcomes, and associated risk factors of traumatic spinal fractures among patients admitted to Ibra Hospital, Oman, and to compare key patterns with regional studies in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) and Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region.

This retrospective review examined trauma records at Ibra Hospital from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2023. Data were extracted on demographics, injury mechanisms, fracture location and type, neurological status, management, and outcomes. Descriptive statistics and chi-square or Fisher's exact tests were used to assess associations (p < 0.05).

Of 723 suspected cases, spinal fractures were confirmed in 133 (18.4%). The cohort was predominantly male (110 (82.7%)) with high expatriate representation (88 (66.2%)). Lumbar fractures predominated (56 (42.1%)), with motor vehicle collisions (MVCs) as the leading mechanism (78 (58.6%)), associated with expatriate status (p = 0.001). Expatriates showed higher occupational risks (p < 0.001). Neurological deficits were more common in cervical injuries (p < 0.001).

Localized data underscore the need for targeted road safety measures, workplace protections for expatriates, and enhanced trauma care in Oman to reduce the burden of spinal fractures.