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Trends in Survival and Short-Term Outcomes Among Preterm Infants Less Than 32 Weeks From 2016 to 2022: A

Fahad Butt1, Nisha Viji Varghese1, Javeria Bhatti1

  • 1Neonatology, Tawam Hospital, Al Ain, ARE.

Cureus
|March 20, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Survival rates for preterm infants under 32 weeks improved significantly. However, this increase in survival was linked to higher rates of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, periventricular leukomalacia, and sepsis in these vulnerable infants.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatalogy
  • Pediatric Outcomes
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Contemporary data on preterm infant outcomes are crucial for healthcare resource allocation and clinical decision-making.
  • Understanding trends in survival and complications for infants born before 32 weeks gestational age is vital.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine survival rates, in-hospital complications, and antenatal care practices for infants born before 32 weeks gestational age.
  • To analyze trends in preterm infant outcomes over a seven-year period.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study of 700 infants born before 32 weeks gestational age admitted between January 2016 and December 2022.
  • Data collection included demographics, survival to discharge, length of stay, and incidence of major morbidities.
  • Comparison of outcomes between two periods: 2016-2019 and 2020-2022.

Main Results:

  • Overall survival to discharge was 79% (553/700).
  • Significant increases in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), and late-onset sepsis were observed between the two study periods.
  • While rates of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) needing treatment increased, these changes were not statistically significant. Severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) showed a non-significant reduction.

Conclusions:

  • A significant increase in survival for preterm infants (<32 weeks) was observed over the study period.
  • Improved survival was associated with a significant rise in BPD, PVL, and sepsis rates.
  • Further research is needed to mitigate the increased morbidities associated with improved survival in extremely preterm infants.

Keywords:
bronchopulmonary dysplasia (bpd)chronic lung disease of prematurityintra-ventricular hemorrhage (ivh)necrotizing enterocolitis (nec)neonatal intensive care unit (nicu)neonatal prematurityneonatal sepsisprematurity complicationspvlsurvival outcomes

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