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Related Concept Videos

Mesenchymal Stem Cells01:19

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their...
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Isolation and Expansion of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells Derived from Human Placenta Tissue
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Three-dimensional (3D) culture-primed placental mesenchymal stem cells decrease cellular heterogeneity, significantly

Li-Tzu Wang1,2, B Linju Yen3, Hsiu-Huan Wang4

  • 1School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University (TMU), Taipei, Taiwan.

Materials Today. Bio
|March 20, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Placental stem cells show enhanced bone-forming potential after short 3D culture. This 3D culture boosts mitochondrial function and osteogenic markers in placental stem cells, offering a promising strategy for bone tissue engineering.

Keywords:
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs)MitochondriaOsteogenesisPlacental MSCs (PMSCs)PrimingThree-dimensional (3D)

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Isolation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells and their Cultivation on the Porous Bone Matrix
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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are crucial for bone tissue engineering.
  • Adult bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMMSCs) have limitations including invasive harvesting and reduced osteogenic potential with age.
  • Fetal placental MSCs (PMSCs) are a viable alternative but their osteogenic capacity needs further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the differential effects of 3D culture on placental MSCs (PMSCs) and bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMMSCs).
  • To assess the impact of 3D culture on mitochondrial activity and osteogenic differentiation in PMSCs.
  • To identify strategies for enhancing MSC-based bone regeneration therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Transcriptomic analysis to compare PMSCs and BMMSCs.
  • 3D spheroid culture for MSCs.
  • Functional assays to evaluate mitochondrial activity and osteogenic marker expression (RUNX2, osteoprotegerin).
  • Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of PMSCs.
  • Mitochondrial function inhibition experiments.

Main Results:

  • 3D culture significantly enhanced mitochondrial activity and osteogenic marker expression in PMSCs, but not BMMSCs.
  • Short-term (1-day) 3D culture primed PMSCs for improved osteogenic commitment.
  • scRNA-seq revealed 3D culture promotes homogeneity in PMSCs, enriching for cells with high mitochondrial and osteogenic potential.
  • Inhibition of mitochondrial function negated the osteogenic differentiation enhancement in 3D-primed PMSCs.

Conclusions:

  • PMSCs possess robust baseline mitochondrial activity that is further augmented by 3D culture.
  • Short-term 3D culture is a practical and effective strategy to enhance the osteogenic capacity of PMSCs for bone regeneration.
  • This approach offers a promising avenue for improving MSC-based therapies in bone tissue engineering.