[Pulmometabolic syndrome: a review]

In this review, we discuss the underexplored issue of the relationship between metabolic syndrome (MS) and respiratory diseases. The review discusses the main pathogenic mechanisms, including chronic low-grade inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and mechanical restriction of lung volumes. The concept of pulmonometabolic syndrome is introduced. Data of the results of studies of the functional parameters of the lungs in MS are presented. We describe the clinical and pathobiological characteristics of the mutually aggravating interaction between MS and respiratory disorders, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchial asthma, obstructive sleep apnea, lung cancer, and pulmonary hypertension.