[Pulmometabolic syndrome: a review]

Area of Science:

• Pulmonology
• Metabolic Medicine
• Pathophysiology

Background:

• Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a cluster of conditions increasing cardiovascular risk.
• The connection between MS and respiratory diseases remains underexplored.
• Shared pathogenic mechanisms link metabolic and lung health.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the relationship between MS and respiratory diseases.
• To discuss underlying pathogenic mechanisms.
• To introduce the concept of pulmonometabolic syndrome.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies on MS and respiratory parameters.
• Analysis of pathogenic mechanisms: inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, mechanical restriction.
• Description of clinical and pathobiological interactions.

Main Results:

• Chronic low-grade inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and reduced lung volumes are key mechanisms.
• Pulmonometabolic syndrome is proposed as a unifying concept.
• MS negatively impacts lung function and exacerbates conditions like COPD, asthma, OSA, lung cancer, and pulmonary hypertension.

Conclusions:

• MS and respiratory diseases share common pathophysiological pathways.
• A bidirectional, mutually aggravating relationship exists.
• Further research into pulmonometabolic syndrome is warranted for improved patient outcomes.