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Identifying neuropathologic disease in primary progressive aphasia using narrative speech.

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Summary

Artificial intelligence applied to narrative speech accurately distinguishes Alzheimer's disease (AD) from frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD-4Rtau) and identifies primary progressive aphasia (PPA) in individuals. This AI approach aids in differential diagnosis for neurological conditions.

Keywords:
Alzheimer's diseaseartificial intelligencefrontotemporal lobar degenerationnarrative speechneuropathologyprimary progressive aphasia

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Area of Science:

  • Neurolinguistics
  • Computational linguistics
  • Artificial intelligence in medicine

Background:

  • Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is a neurodegenerative disorder affecting language.
  • Accurate neuropathologic diagnosis is crucial for understanding PPA subtypes.
  • Current diagnostic methods can be invasive or delayed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To apply artificial intelligence (AI) to narrative speech for predicting neuropathologic disease in PPA.
  • To differentiate between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 4-repeat tauopathy (FTLD-4Rtau) in PPA patients.
  • To distinguish between normal controls (NC) and PPA patients using speech analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Natural language processing (NLP) toolkits were used to extract features from transcribed Cinderella story narratives.
  • Machine learning ensemble models were employed for classification tasks.
  • Participants were classified as NC, PPA with AD, or PPA with FTLD-4Rtau (autopsy-confirmed).

Main Results:

  • AI models successfully differentiated between AD and FTLD-4Rtau based on speech narratives.
  • Models also accurately distinguished between NC and PPA participants.
  • Feature importance analysis revealed distinct speech patterns associated with different pathologies.

Conclusions:

  • AI analysis of naturalistic language tasks shows promise as a diagnostic aid for PPA.
  • This approach can support differential diagnosis of PPA neuropathologies.
  • AI may help uncover avenues for developing disease-specific interventions.