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Is Sex by Age Interaction The Missing Factor in Acute Kidney Injury Epidemiology?
Francesca Cappadona1, Emilio Venturelli2, Marita Marengo3
1Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Metropolitana (IRCCS AOM) San Martino, Genova, Italy.
Summary
Acute kidney injury (AKI) affects males and females differently based on age. While incidence varies, older males with AKI experienced worse outcomes, highlighting the need for sex-and-age-specific care.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Geriatrics
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common, serious condition impacting hospitalized patients.
- Biological sex and age are suspected to influence AKI development and recovery, but their precise roles require further investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the impact of sex and age on the epidemiology and outcomes of AKI in a large cohort of hospitalized adults.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of 87,087 adult patients admitted to two Italian university hospitals (2016-2019).
- AKI was diagnosed using KDIGO criteria based on serum creatinine trends.
- Demographic data, comorbidities, eGFR, and outcomes were analyzed, with a focus on sex-based differences.
Main Results:
- AKI incidence was 20.6%, higher in females (21.4%) than males (19.8%).
- Sex-related AKI risk varied by age: higher in younger males, progressively higher in older females.
- Older male AKI patients had worse outcomes, including higher mortality and longer hospital stays.
Conclusions:
- AKI incidence and outcomes demonstrate age-dependent differences between sexes.
- The interaction between sex and age is crucial for understanding AKI epidemiology and improving patient outcomes.
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