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Power and Limitations of Distributed Quantum State Purification
Benchi Zhao1, Yu-Ao Chen2, Xuanqiang Zhao1
1The University of Hong Kong, QICI Quantum Information and Computation Initiative, School of Computing and Data Science, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong.
Physical Review Letters
|March 20, 2026
Summary
Quantum state purification using local operations and classical communication (LOCC) faces limitations for multiple noisy states. However, targeted purification of single states is achievable, with protocols developed for practical noise reduction.
Area of Science:
- Quantum Information Science
- Quantum Communication
- Quantum Computation
Background:
- Quantum state purification is crucial for mitigating noise in quantum systems.
- Applications include quantum communication and computation with imperfect quantum devices.
- Distributed quantum systems require purification via local operations and classical communication (LOCC).
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically study state purification in distributed quantum systems using LOCC.
- To identify fundamental limitations of blind LOCC purification protocols.
- To develop practical strategies for noise reduction in quantum information processing.
Main Methods:
- Proving limitations of LOCC purification for specific sets of two-qubit states under depolarizing noise.
- Demonstrating the achievability of targeted, single-state purification.
- Developing an optimization-based algorithm for designing LOCC purification protocols for arbitrary states and noise profiles.
Main Results:
- No blind LOCC purification protocol using two copies can work for all pure two-qubit states, maximally entangled states, or Bell states under depolarizing noise.
- Targeted purification of a single two-qubit state is always achievable with an explicit analytical LOCC protocol.
- An optimization algorithm was developed and demonstrated for designing LOCC purification protocols.
Conclusions:
- Fundamental limitations exist for blind LOCC state purification in distributed quantum systems.
- Targeted purification offers a viable strategy for noise reduction.
- The developed algorithm provides practical tools for designing effective LOCC purification protocols.
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