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Contributors to Parenting Stress in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex at Preschool Age

Corinna Klein1, Camila A Ferrario2, Rajsekar R Rajaraman3

  • 1UCLA Semel Institute of Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Psychology & Child Development, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California.

Pediatric Neurology
|March 20, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Parenting stress in children with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is significantly influenced by challenging child behaviors like externalizing and internalizing problems. Addressing these behaviors and providing support can help manage parental stress.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Psychology
  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Family Studies

Background:

  • Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) presents unique challenges for families.
  • Parenting stress is a significant concern for parents of young children with TSC.
  • Identifying contributing factors to parenting stress is crucial for effective support.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify child and family characteristics associated with parenting stress in parents of young children with TSC.
  • To understand the specific behavioral, developmental, and medical factors impacting parenting stress.
  • To inform interventions aimed at reducing parenting stress in this population.

Main Methods:

  • Data collected from 98 children with TSC (ages 3-6) and their families across North America.
  • Telehealth assessments gathered child developmental, behavioral, and medical history, alongside family demographics and parenting stress.
  • Univariate and multivariate analyses examined relationships between parenting stress and child/family variables.

Main Results:

  • Elevated parenting stress reported by a substantial minority of parents, particularly those perceiving their child as difficult.
  • Higher child externalizing and internalizing problems, social withdrawal, and lower adaptive skills correlated with increased parenting stress.
  • Financial difficulties related to medical care and seizure severity also contributed to parenting stress.

Conclusions:

  • Challenging child behaviors are primary drivers of parenting stress in young children with TSC.
  • Social withdrawal and developmental delays are common traits associated with increased parenting stress.
  • Behavioral interventions and psychoeducation can help parents manage the demands of caring for a child with TSC.
Abstract

Keywords:
Behavior problemsChild developmentParenting stressSeizuresTuberous sclerosis complex

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