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Related Concept Videos

Energy Losses in Transformers01:21

Energy Losses in Transformers

1.5K
In an ideal transformer, it is assumed that there are no energy losses, and, hence, all the power at the primary winding is transferred to the secondary winding. However, in reality,  the transformers always have some energy losses, and, hence, the output power obtained at the secondary winding is less than the input power at the primary winding due to energy losses.
There are four main reasons for energy losses in transformers.
The first cause can be  the high resistance of the...
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Equivalent Circuits for Practical Transformers01:28

Equivalent Circuits for Practical Transformers

1.5K
The practical equivalent circuits of single-phase two-winding transformers exhibit significant deviations from their idealized versions due to the inherent properties of winding resistance and finite core permeability. These properties result in real and reactive power losses, affecting the transformer's performance. Understanding these deviations is crucial for designing more efficient transformers.
In a practical transformer, each winding exhibits resistance and leakage reactance. The...
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Transformers with Off-Nominal Turns Ratios01:25

Transformers with Off-Nominal Turns Ratios

663
In scenarios involving parallel transformers with disparate ratings, developing per-unit models requires accommodating off-nominal turns ratios. This situation arises when the selected base voltages are not proportional to the transformer’s voltage ratings. Consider a transformer where the rated voltages are related by the term a. If the chosen voltage bases satisfy a relationship involving term b, term c is defined as the ratio of these bases. This ratio is then substituted into the...
663
Three-Winding Transformers01:19

Three-Winding Transformers

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Three identical single-phase transformers can be configured to form a three-phase transformer connection, which involves high-voltage and low-voltage windings. The high-voltage windings are denoted by capital letters A-B-C, while the low-voltage windings are labeled with lowercase letters a-b-c, representing their respective phases. This notation helps distinguish between the high and low voltage sides of the transformer.
In the per-unit equivalent circuit of a grounded Y-Y three-phase...
895
Reducing Line Loss01:18

Reducing Line Loss

438
In a three-phase circuit, line loss is an indicator of energy dissipated as heat due to the resistance of transmission lines. To address this, incorporating transformers into the system—a step-up transformer at the source and a step-down transformer at the load—is a strategic solution. Two three-phase transformers are introduced to improve this.
With a step-up transformer at the source, the voltage is increased, thereby reducing the current in the transmission lines since power loss in...
438
Instrument Transformers01:23

Instrument Transformers

670
Instrument transformers, comprising voltage transformers (VTs) and current transformers (CTs), play crucial roles in power substations by providing isolated replicas of current or voltage for measurement and protection purposes. Voltage transformers reduce the primary voltage to levels suitable for relay operation and measurement, while current transformers scale down the primary current. The primary winding of a current transformer often consists of a single turn, achieved by threading the...
670

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 22, 2026

A Swin Transformer-Based Model for Thyroid Nodule Detection in Ultrasound Images
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Float-DEIM: An enhanced transformer model for small floating waste detection.

Juxing Di1, Xiawei Wu2, Yang Yang1

  • 1College of Information Engineering, Hebei University of Architecture, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Smart City Perception and Intelligent Computing, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, China.

Marine Pollution Bulletin
|March 20, 2026
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Summary

This study introduces Float-DEIM, a new model for detecting floating waste on water. It significantly improves the accuracy of identifying small pollution targets in complex environments.

Keywords:
Attention mechanismFeature pyramid networkFloating waste detectionSmall target detectionTransformer

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Computer Vision
  • Remote Sensing

Background:

  • Global water pollution necessitates accurate floating waste identification for effective water environment management.
  • Detecting small targets in complex water surfaces is challenging due to limited pixel data and background interference.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a high-precision floating waste detection model for complex water environments.
  • To address the challenges of small target detection in water pollution monitoring.

Main Methods:

  • Proposed the Partial Efficient Multi-Scale Attention (PEMA) mechanism for balanced multi-scale spatial modeling and feature preservation.
  • Introduced the Progressive Partial Convolution Downsample (PPCD) module to mitigate information loss during downsampling.
  • Developed a Dual-stage Focusing Pyramid Network (DFPN) for enhanced feature discrimination and localization accuracy.

Main Results:

  • The Float-DEIM model achieved a 2.7% improvement in small target detection accuracy (APstest) on the IWHR_AI_Label_Floater_V1 dataset compared to the baseline.
  • Demonstrated Float-DEIM's adaptability and effectiveness across different environmental scenes through generalization experiments.

Conclusions:

  • Float-DEIM offers a robust technical solution for automatic floating waste detection in challenging aquatic environments.
  • The proposed PEMA, PPCD, and DFPN modules effectively enhance small target detection capabilities.