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Improved Reliability of Resting-State Functional MRI Connectivity Using Multi-Echo Acquisition: Implications for

Elmira Hassanzadeh1, Rabeet Tariq2, Stephan Palm2

  • 1From the Department of Radiology (E.H.), Psychiatry (S.P., N.C., D.L.), Neurology (S.K., M.D.F.), Psychiatry (S.H.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Aga Khan University Hospital (R.T.), Karachi, Pakistan; Department of Neurology (T.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (B.T.T.Y.), National University of Singapore, Singapore; N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme (ISEP), National University of Singapore, Centre for Sleep and Cognition & Centre for Translational MR Research (R.K.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Human Potential Translational Research Programme & Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore ehassanzadeh@bwh.harvard.edu.

AJNR. American Journal of Neuroradiology
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Summary

Multi-echo (ME) functional MRI (fMRI) offers improved functional connectivity (FC) reliability compared to single-echo (SE) fMRI. This enhancement may benefit personalized transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) targeting for depression.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)
  • Brain Connectivity

Background:

  • Single-echo (SE) fMRI has limitations in separating signal from noise.
  • Multi-echo (ME) fMRI acquisition enhances signal-to-noise ratio.
  • Reliability of functional connectivity (FC) is crucial for clinical applications like TMS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate if ME fMRI improves FC reliability compared to SE fMRI.
  • To assess the impact of ME fMRI on personalizing transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) targets.
  • Focus on dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) targeting in depression patients.

Main Methods:

  • Resting-state fMRI scans from adult depression patients (n=52) using SE (n=21) or ME (n=31).
  • Voxel-wise seed-based FC computed for 100 general ROIs and two TMS-specific ROIs (SGC, DEP circuit).
  • Reliability assessed via split-half spatial correlation and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).

Main Results:

  • ME fMRI demonstrated significantly higher whole-brain split-half correlations than SE fMRI (p=0.006).
  • ME fMRI showed higher ICC for general ROIs (ΔICC=0.16; p=0.03).
  • ME fMRI yielded higher split-half correlations for TMS-specific ROIs (SGC-DLPFC: p=0.04; DEP-DLPFC: p=0.01).

Conclusions:

  • ME fMRI enhances general FC reliability over SE fMRI.
  • ME fMRI shows potential advantages for TMS-specific FC measures.
  • Further research is required to confirm improved TMS targeting efficacy with ME fMRI.