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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy01:29

Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy

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Atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS) is an analytical technique that involves the electronic transitions of atoms in a flame, furnace, or plasma being excited by electromagnetic (EM) radiation. When these atoms absorb energy, they become excited and subsequently release energy as they return to their original state. This emitted light, or "fluorescence," is observed at a right angle to the incident beam. Both absorption and emission processes transpire at distinct wavelengths, which...
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Group 17 elements, known as halogens, are nonmetals. At room temperature, fluorine and chlorine are gases, bromine is a liquid, and iodine a solid. Astatine is a highly unstable radioactive element, so currently, most of its properties are unknown due to its short half-life. Tennessine is a synthetic element also predicted to be in this group. 
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Bromination and chlorination of aromatic rings by electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions are easily achieved, but fluorination and iodination are difficult to achieve. Fluorine is so reactive that its reaction with benzene is difficult to control, resulting in poor yields of monofluoroaromatic products. To address this, Selectfluor reagent is used as a fluorine source in which a fluorine atom is bonded to a positively charged nitrogen.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 22, 2026

Identifying Per- and Polyfluorinated Chemical Species with a Combined Targeted and Non-Targeted-Screening High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Workflow
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Single-pot mechanochemically-enabled fluorine atom closed-loop economy using PFASs as fluorinating agents.

Hao Long1, Georgina Kirby1, Lutz Ackermann2

  • 1Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, Göttingen, Germany.

Nature Communications
|March 21, 2026
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new mechanochemical method efficiently removes fluorine from per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), or "forever chemicals". This sustainable approach works in one pot and can recycle fluorinated plastics, offering a breakthrough for environmental cleanup.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Sustainable Chemistry

Background:

  • Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), termed 'forever chemicals', present significant environmental and human health risks.
  • Existing PFAS destruction methods often require harsh conditions (high temperatures, strong reducing agents), limiting sustainable recycling of fluoride byproducts.
  • Developing efficient and environmentally benign methods for PFAS degradation and fluoride recovery is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a user-friendly, single-pot mechanochemical approach for defluorination of PFASs.
  • To demonstrate the transfer of fluorine from PFASs to organic molecules.
  • To explore the scalability and applicability of the method to common fluorinated polymers.

Main Methods:

  • A mechanochemical process was employed for the defluorination of PFASs in a single pot.
  • The method facilitates fluorine transfer to acceptor organic molecules.
  • The approach was tested on decagram scales and applied to fluoroplastics like PVDF and PTFE.

Main Results:

  • The mechanochemical system achieved high defluorination efficiency, minimizing the need for extensive purification.
  • Minimal solvent filtration was sufficient, even for large-scale (decagram) operations.
  • The method successfully defluorinated various fluorinated polymers, including PVDF and PTFE.

Conclusions:

  • A novel, efficient, and user-friendly single-pot mechanochemical method for PFAS defluorination has been developed.
  • This strategy offers a sustainable pathway for breaking down persistent 'forever chemicals' and their associated fluorinated materials.
  • The approach holds significant potential for environmental remediation and the recycling of fluorinated waste streams.