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Related Concept Videos

Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology01:14

Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology

Spinal cord injury progresses through two interconnected phases: primary injury and secondary injury.Primary InjuryPrimary injury happens at the moment of trauma and involves immediate mechanical damage to the spinal cord.Compression happens when broken vertebrae, herniated discs, or accumulating blood (such as a hematoma) press directly against the spinal cord, distorting its normal shape and function. In cases of contusion, the cord is bruised by a blunt force (like penetrating injuries or...
Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology01:25

Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology

Early Ischemia and Ionic ImbalanceWithin minutes of spinal cord injury, a secondary cascade begins, progressing over hours to weeks. Vascular damage reduces blood flow, causing ischemia and mitochondrial dysfunction. ATP depletion leads to ion pump failure, membrane depolarization, sodium influx, potassium efflux, and water accumulation, resulting in cellular swelling. Increased intracellular calcium further disrupts mitochondria and accelerates cellular injury.Excitotoxicity and Neuronal...

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Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Activity-based Training on a Treadmill with Spinal Cord Injured Wistar Rats
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Return to Work After Isolated Spinal Injury: Rates, Predictors, and Implications for Occupational Reintegration.

Philipp Raisch1, Tabea Hirth1, Michael Kreinest1

  • 1Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery at Heidelberg University, BG Klinik Ludwigshafen at the University of Heidelberg, Ludwig-Guttmann-Straße 13, 67071, Ludwigshafen, Germany.

Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation
|March 21, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Return to work (RTW) after isolated spinal injury is influenced by several factors. Female sex, surgical treatment, and working over 30 hours weekly predicted lower odds of early RTW.

Keywords:
Occupational rehabilitationPredictorsRehabilitation programsReturn to workSociocultural factorsSpinal fracturesVocational reintegration

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Occupational Health
  • Rehabilitation Medicine

Background:

  • Spinal injuries are a significant cause of disability and lost work time.
  • Previous studies often included diverse patient groups, limiting insights into isolated injuries.
  • Return to work (RTW) is a critical outcome following spinal injury.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate RTW predictors after isolated spinal injury.
  • To identify demographic, clinical, occupational, and socioeconomic factors influencing early RTW.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study of 86 patients (≤60 years) with isolated traumatic spinal fractures or discoligamentous injuries (2016-2020).
  • Exclusion of patients with spinal cord injury, major trauma, or pathological fractures.
  • Telephone interviews assessed outcomes; early RTW defined as employment resumption within six months. Predictors analyzed using univariate and multivariable logistic regression (LASSO selection).

Main Results:

  • 71% of patients returned to work at 12 months, but 50% reported limitations and 37% had reduced performance.
  • Surgical treatment, female sex, and pre-injury work exceeding 30 hours/week were associated with lower odds of early RTW.
  • Self-employment showed a positive association with early RTW in univariate analysis.

Conclusions:

  • Sociocultural, occupational, and medical factors significantly impact RTW after isolated spinal injury.
  • Female sex, high pre-injury workload, and surgical intervention are key predictors influencing RTW.
  • Tailored rehabilitation and workplace interventions are needed to support at-risk individuals and enhance reintegration.