Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

970
The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
970
Rheumatic Heart Disease IV: Nursing Management01:20

Rheumatic Heart Disease IV: Nursing Management

441
AssessmentA comprehensive assessment is essential in managing a patient with rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Begin with obtaining a detailed medical history, including recent streptococcal infections, a history of rheumatic fever, or previously diagnosed rheumatic heart disease. Assess the patient for symptoms such as fever, chest pain, widespread joint pain (arthralgia), tachycardia, pericardial friction rub, muffled heart sounds, heart murmurs, peripheral edema, subcutaneous nodules, and...
441
Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management01:21

Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management

483
Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) management can be divided into two main strategies: prevention and long-term management.Primary PreventionPrimary prevention focuses on timely diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis to prevent acute rheumatic fever. The most widely used antibiotic for treating this condition is intramuscular benzathine penicillin G.Acute Rheumatic Fever TreatmentThe primary treatment goal for a patient diagnosed with acute rheumatic fever is to suppress the...
483
Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

821
Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
821
Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:27

Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

438
Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle. The symptoms vary widely, encompassing asymptomatic presentations to severe, acute manifestations.Clinical PresentationAsymptomatic cases: In some instances, myocarditis may be asymptomatic, with the infection resolving without intervention. These cases often go undetected unless discovered incidentally through diagnostic imaging or tests conducted for other reasons.General Early Symptoms: Early symptoms of myocarditis are non-specific and can...
438
Pericarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:19

Pericarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

507
Pericarditis is distinguished by inflammation of the pericardium, the fibrous sac that encases the heart. It can be acute, lasting less than six weeks, or chronic, persisting for over three months. Understanding its clinical manifestations and diagnostic findings is crucial for timely and effective management.Clinical ManifestationsWhile pericarditis can be asymptomatic, it usually presents with characteristic symptoms such as:Chest Pain: The most characteristic symptom of pericarditis is chest...
507

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Lung disease in rheumatoid arthritis.

Nature reviews. Rheumatology·2026
Same author

Answer to: 'On the interpretation of validation in register-based identification of polymyalgia rheumatica' by Tanveer and Irfan.

Scandinavian journal of rheumatology·2026
Same author

Risks of Myocardial Infarction and Mortality in Patients with Incident Rheumatoid Arthritis Compared with a Matched General Population: A Danish Nationwide Cohort Study.

Clinical epidemiology·2026
Same author

Positive predictive value of a register-based method to identify polymyalgia rheumatica in primary and secondary care: a validation study in Denmark.

Scandinavian journal of rheumatology·2026
Same author

Sex and anticitrullinated protein antibodies modify the relationship between inflammation and cardiovascular risk in rheumatoid arthritis.

RMD open·2026
Same author

Mapping the bare area and transcortical pores in finger joints: co-location with bone erosions in rheumatoid arthritis.

RMD open·2026
Same journal

The prevalence and incidence of Raynaud's in England, United Kingdom.

Rheumatology (Oxford, England)·2026
Same journal

Pediatric macrophage activation syndrome: clinical features and outcomes across diverse etiologies.

Rheumatology (Oxford, England)·2026
Same journal

Vaccination coverage of influenza and pneumococcal vaccines in patients with rheumatic diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Rheumatology (Oxford, England)·2026
Same journal

Comment on: Distinct cytokine and cytokine receptor expression patterns characterise different forms of myositis.

Rheumatology (Oxford, England)·2026
Same journal

A Delphi survey of patients and clinicians on a unified and stratified approach to managing GCA-PMR spectrum disease.

Rheumatology (Oxford, England)·2026
Same journal

Cardiac involvement in Behçet's syndrome: findings from a clinically driven cardiological evaluation.

Rheumatology (Oxford, England)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 23, 2026

Author Spotlight: Self-Assessment Protocol for Predicting Psoriatic Arthritis in Psoriasis Patients
02:28

Author Spotlight: Self-Assessment Protocol for Predicting Psoriatic Arthritis in Psoriasis Patients

Published on: March 1, 2024

1.0K

Rheumatologist assessment in established polymyalgia rheumatica.

Elisabeth Lindrup Nielsen1, Agnete Overgaard Donskov1,2, Christoffer Søvsø Våben1,2

  • 1Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.

Rheumatology (Oxford, England)
|March 21, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Re-referrals are common for polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) patients, especially those discharged quickly after diagnosis. General practitioners (GPs) often face diagnostic uncertainty, leading to revised PMR diagnoses in about a third of cases.

Keywords:
general practiceglucocorticoidpolymyalgia rheumaticare-referralrheumatologist assessment

More Related Videos

Preliminary Study on Acupuncture Combined with Grain-sized Moxibustion for Treating Rheumatoid Arthritis with Finger Joint Pain
04:50

Preliminary Study on Acupuncture Combined with Grain-sized Moxibustion for Treating Rheumatoid Arthritis with Finger Joint Pain

Published on: May 16, 2025

1.3K
Author Spotlight: Enhancing Rheumatoid Arthritis Research Through HR-pQCT Imaging Analysis
06:31

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Rheumatoid Arthritis Research Through HR-pQCT Imaging Analysis

Published on: October 6, 2023

3.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 23, 2026

Author Spotlight: Self-Assessment Protocol for Predicting Psoriatic Arthritis in Psoriasis Patients
02:28

Author Spotlight: Self-Assessment Protocol for Predicting Psoriatic Arthritis in Psoriasis Patients

Published on: March 1, 2024

1.0K
Preliminary Study on Acupuncture Combined with Grain-sized Moxibustion for Treating Rheumatoid Arthritis with Finger Joint Pain
04:50

Preliminary Study on Acupuncture Combined with Grain-sized Moxibustion for Treating Rheumatoid Arthritis with Finger Joint Pain

Published on: May 16, 2025

1.3K
Author Spotlight: Enhancing Rheumatoid Arthritis Research Through HR-pQCT Imaging Analysis
06:31

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Rheumatoid Arthritis Research Through HR-pQCT Imaging Analysis

Published on: October 6, 2023

3.4K

Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Internal Medicine
  • Clinical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) diagnosis is often managed by general practitioners (GPs) with subsequent referrals to rheumatologists.
  • Understanding referral patterns and diagnostic outcomes is crucial for optimizing patient care and resource allocation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the frequency, indications, and diagnostic outcomes of patients with established PMR referred to a rheumatology clinic.
  • To compare referral patterns and diagnostic outcomes between patients initially diagnosed by GPs versus rheumatologists.

Main Methods:

  • A single-center retrospective cohort study of patients with established PMR referred to a rheumatology department between 2018 and 2024.
  • Data collection included referral details, diagnosis, discharge, re-referral, and assessment outcomes.
  • Symptoms and clinical findings were documented for analysis.

Main Results:

  • Among patients diagnosed by rheumatologists, 26% of discharged individuals were re-referred, often with shorter times from diagnosis to discharge.
  • Referrals from GPs were more frequently due to diagnostic uncertainty (51%) compared to rheumatologist referrals (14%).
  • The PMR diagnosis was confirmed less often in patients initially diagnosed by GPs (62%) versus rheumatologists (83%).

Conclusions:

  • Re-referral is a frequent occurrence in established PMR cases, with higher risk associated with early discharge.
  • A significant proportion of PMR diagnoses made by GPs (one-third) were revised upon rheumatologist assessment, indicating diagnostic challenges.
  • These findings support the referral of patients with suspected PMR to specialists for accurate diagnosis and management.