Strongyloides Genetic Diversity among Humans, Dogs, and Nonhuman Primates, Central African Republic, 2016-2022

Area of Science:

• Parasitology
• Molecular Biology
• Epidemiology

Background:

• Strongyloides stercoralis is a neglected tropical disease affecting 600 million people globally.
• Understanding zoonotic potential is crucial, particularly where humans, domestic animals, and wildlife overlap.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate cross-species sharing of Strongyloides roundworms among humans, dogs, and nonhuman primates.
• To assess the genetic diversity and transmission dynamics of Strongyloides in the Dzanga-Sangha Protected Areas, Central African Republic.

Main Methods:

• Fecal samples were collected from humans, dogs, and nonhuman primates.
• Quantitative PCR was used for detection.
• Genetic diversity was assessed using 18S rRNA HVR-IV and cox1 gene sequencing with high-throughput sequencing.

Main Results:

• High prevalence of Strongyloides was observed in humans, dogs, and gorillas.
• Strongyloides stercoralis haplotype A was found in humans, dogs, and apes.
• Strongyloides fuelleborni was detected in all host species.
• Shared haplotypes confirmed zoonotic transmission.

Conclusions:

• Dogs and nonhuman primates act as reservoirs for Strongyloides, complicating control efforts.
• Molecular surveillance is essential for managing zoonotic Strongyloides transmission.
• Cross-species transmission poses a significant challenge in controlling this neglected tropical disease.