Jove
Visualize
Contact Us

Related Concept Videos

Cells of the Innate Immune Response01:28

Cells of the Innate Immune Response

10.3K
The innate immune response is an immediate and non-specific response against pathogens, acting swiftly to prevent the spread of infections. The primary cells involved in this response are phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes police the peripheral tissues by removing cellular debris and responding to the invasion of foreign substances or pathogens. Many phagocytes attack and remove microorganisms even before lymphocytes detect them. The human body has two general...
10.3K
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

7.9K
Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
7.9K
The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:17

The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

9.2K
The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated when extracellular death-inducing signals, such as specific cytokines, activate the death receptors expressed on the cell surface. The immune cells involved in this pathway are natural killer cells (NK cells) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. NK cells are critical in innate immune response, while cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are associated with adaptive immune response. These cells recognize specific receptors expressed on the altered cells and activate...
9.2K
The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:31

The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

9.1K
Internal cellular stress, such as cellular injury or hypoxia, triggers intrinsic apoptosis. The B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins are the primary regulators of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. For example, during DNA damage, checkpoint proteins, such as Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM protein) and Checkpoints Factor-2 (Chk2) proteins, are activated. These proteins phosphorylate p53 which further activates pro-apoptotic proteins, such as Bax, Bak, PUMA, and Noxa, and inhibits...
9.1K
Mitogens and the Cell Cycle02:38

Mitogens and the Cell Cycle

8.4K
Mitogens and their receptors play a crucial role in controlling the progression of the cell cycle. However, the loss of mitogenic control over cell division leads to tumor formation. Therefore, mitogens and mitogen receptors play an important role in cancer research. For instance, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) - a type of mitogen and its transmembrane receptor (EGFR), decides the fate of the cell's proliferation. When EGF binds to EGFR, a member of the ErbB family of tyrosine kinase...
8.4K
Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes01:25

Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes

9.4K
Immune surveillance is an integral part of the innate immune system, involving the continuous monitoring of peripheral tissues to detect and respond to pathogens, infected cells, or cancerous cells. This surveillance is conducted primarily by natural killer (NK) cells and phagocytes, which employ distinct but complementary mechanisms to identify and eliminate threats.
Natural Killer Cells: The Fast Responders
NK cells are large granular lymphocytes found in the blood and lymphatic system. These...
9.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Separation of Biological Events from the Photoanode: Toward the Ferricyanide-Mediated Redox Cyclic Photoelectrochemical System of an Integrated Photoanode and Photocathode.

ACS sensors·2020
Same author

Ratiometric electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of procalcitonin based on the ratios of SiO<sub>2</sub>-Fc-COOH-Au and UiO-66-TB complexes.

Biosensors & bioelectronics·2020
Same author

CVD-Bi<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3</sub> as a saturable absorber for various solitons in a mode-locked Er-doped fiber laser.

Applied optics·2020
Same author

Etching Triangular Silver Nanoparticles by Self-generated Hydrogen Peroxide to Initiate the Response of an Electrochemiluminescence Sensing Platform.

Analytical chemistry·2020
Same author

Dual Intramolecular Electron Transfer for In Situ Coreactant-Embedded Electrochemiluminescence Microimaging of Membrane Protein.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2020
Same author

Ultrasensitive Controlled Release Aptasensor Using Thymine-Hg<sup>2+</sup>-Thymine Mismatch as a Molecular Switch for Hg<sup>2+</sup> Detection.

Analytical chemistry·2020
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 23, 2026

Isolation, Culture, and Characterization of Primary Dermal Fibroblasts from Human Keloid Tissue
04:41

Isolation, Culture, and Characterization of Primary Dermal Fibroblasts from Human Keloid Tissue

Published on: July 28, 2023

3.8K

Natural killer cell dysfunction drives keloid pathogenesis.

Ying Zhao1, Qin Wei1, Rui Zeng1

  • 1Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing 210042, China.

Cell Reports
|March 21, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Natural killer (NK) cells play a dual role in keloid scars, with local cells limiting fibroblast growth and systemic cells becoming dysfunctional. This study reveals how NK cell alterations contribute to keloid pathogenesis.

Keywords:
AREGCP: immunologyIFN-γNK cellsexhaustionfibroblastskeloidtype 1 interferon

More Related Videos

Measurement of Natural Killer Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity and Migration in the Context of Hepatic Tumor Cells
06:55

Measurement of Natural Killer Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity and Migration in the Context of Hepatic Tumor Cells

Published on: February 22, 2020

19.7K
Two Flow Cytometric Approaches of NKG2D Ligand Surface Detection to Distinguish Stem Cells from Bulk Subpopulations in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
05:24

Two Flow Cytometric Approaches of NKG2D Ligand Surface Detection to Distinguish Stem Cells from Bulk Subpopulations in Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Published on: February 21, 2021

4.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 23, 2026

Isolation, Culture, and Characterization of Primary Dermal Fibroblasts from Human Keloid Tissue
04:41

Isolation, Culture, and Characterization of Primary Dermal Fibroblasts from Human Keloid Tissue

Published on: July 28, 2023

3.8K
Measurement of Natural Killer Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity and Migration in the Context of Hepatic Tumor Cells
06:55

Measurement of Natural Killer Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity and Migration in the Context of Hepatic Tumor Cells

Published on: February 22, 2020

19.7K
Two Flow Cytometric Approaches of NKG2D Ligand Surface Detection to Distinguish Stem Cells from Bulk Subpopulations in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
05:24

Two Flow Cytometric Approaches of NKG2D Ligand Surface Detection to Distinguish Stem Cells from Bulk Subpopulations in Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Published on: February 21, 2021

4.9K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Dermatology
  • Wound Healing Research

Background:

  • Keloids are pathological scars resulting from abnormal wound healing, marked by excessive fibroblast activity and extracellular matrix deposition.
  • Natural killer (NK) cells, known for immune regulation and tissue repair, have an unclear role in keloid formation.
  • Understanding NK cell function in keloids is crucial for developing targeted therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the functional characteristics of NK cells in both lesional skin and peripheral blood of individuals with keloids.
  • To elucidate the specific roles of NK cell-derived cytokines, such as IFN-γ and AREG, in the context of keloid pathogenesis.
  • To identify systemic factors contributing to NK cell dysregulation in keloid patients.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of NK cell function, cytokine production (IFN-γ, AREG), and signaling pathways in keloid tissues and blood samples.
  • Assessment of fibroblast responses to NK cell-derived factors.
  • Measurement of plasma cytokine levels (IFN-β) and characterization of circulating NK cell subsets.

Main Results:

  • In keloid lesions, NK cells produce IFN-γ that inhibits fibroblast proliferation but also AREG that promotes repair, creating a complex local environment.
  • Fibroblast-derived TGF-β suppresses NK cell IFN-γ production, establishing a local immunoregulatory feedback loop.
  • Keloid patients exhibit elevated systemic IFN-β, inducing a circulating NK cell subset with impaired IFN-γ production and signs of exhaustion due to metabolic dysfunction.

Conclusions:

  • NK cells exhibit functional alterations both locally and systemically in keloid pathogenesis.
  • A local loop involving fibroblast-derived TGF-β contributes to NK cell dysregulation within keloid lesions.
  • Systemic IFN-β drives NK cell exhaustion, linking local and systemic immune abnormalities in keloids and suggesting potential therapeutic targets.