Urinary NGF and BDNF as biomarkers of voiding dysfunction in children of mothers with overactive bladder

We investigated the association between maternal overactive bladder (OAB) and voiding dysfunction (VD) in their children, and evaluated urinary nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels as potential biomarkers for early identification of VD.

This prospective cross-sectional study included 196 participants: mothers with OAB (n = 39), their children with VD (n = 36), their children without VD (n = 41), healthy mothers (n = 40), and healthy children of healthy mothers (n = 40). Maternal OAB was diagnosed using the OAB-V8 questionnaire, while VD in children was assessed using the Dysfunctional Voiding Symptom Score (DVSS). Urinary NGF and BDNF levels were measured via ELISA. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were performed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of these biomarkers.

NGF and BDNF levels were significantly higher in mothers with OAB compared to controls (p < 0.001 for both). Children of OAB mothers with VD demonstrated markedly elevated DVSS scores, NGF, and BDNF levels compared to both healthy children of OAB mothers and children of healthy mothers (all p < 0.001). ROC analysis showed strong diagnostic performance for NGF (AUC = 0.828, cut-off 267.7 pg/ml, 75 % sensitivity, 99 % specificity) and acceptable performance for BDNF (AUC = 0.754, cut-off 3.06 ng/ml, 64 % sensitivity, 93 % specificity).

Urinary NGF and BDNF levels were significantly elevated in mothers with OAB and their affected children. NGF demonstrated superior diagnostic accuracy for identifying VD in children, while BDNF may provide complementary value. These findings support the role of neurotrophin-related mechanisms in intergenerational transmission of lower urinary tract dysfunction.