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Age differences in episodic memory for restructured novel objects: The effect of schema deviations.

Hong-Zhou Xu1, Sheng-Yin Huan1, Jun-Yi Chen1

  • 1Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory
|March 21, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Older adults struggle more than young adults with remembering restructured objects, especially when schema deviation increases. Lateral prefrontal cortex thickness is linked to better memory accuracy in older individuals.

Keywords:
AgingCortical thicknessEpisodic memoryRestructured objectsSchema deviation

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neuroimaging
  • Artificial Intelligence

Background:

  • Generative AI produces novel synthetic visual content.
  • Understanding how older adults process and remember these objects is crucial.
  • Cognitive and neural factors influencing memory in older adults require investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine how schema deviation affects object memory in young and older adults.
  • To investigate the impact of time constraints on object memory in older adults.
  • To explore the relationship between lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) thickness and memory accuracy.

Main Methods:

  • Two studies involving young and older adults completing a restructured object memory task.
  • Objects varied in schema deviation: not restructured (NR), reasonably restructured (RR), and unreasonably restructured (UR).
  • Structural MRI was used to measure cortical thickness in specific LPFC regions.

Main Results:

  • Schema deviation impaired older adults' memory (NR > RR > UR), but not young adults'.
  • Time limits reduced the advantage of reasonably restructured objects for older adults.
  • Greater left ventrolateral (LVLPFC) and right dorsolateral (RDLPFC) cortical thickness correlated with better memory and fewer false memories.

Conclusions:

  • Increasing schema deviation disproportionately challenges episodic memory in older adults.
  • Response deadlines may alter decision-making processes in older adults.
  • LPFC cortical thickness is associated with individual differences in memory accuracy in older adults.