Current Trends in 4-Corner and 3-Corner Fusions: Comparing Open and Arthroscopic Approaches

The 4-corner and 3-corner fusions are established treatments for scapholunate and scaphoid nonunion advanced collapse arthritis, effectively alleviating pain while maintaining partial mobility. Traditionally performed via open techniques, advancements in arthroscopy now allow for minimally invasive approaches that may prove to reduce complications and accelerate recovery. Various fixation methods, including compression screws, dorsal plates, staples, and Kirschner wires influence stability and outcomes. Although arthroscopic approaches show promise in preserving motion and grip strength, long-term comparative data remain limited. The choice of technique should be tailored to patient needs, surgeon expertise, and anatomic considerations, balancing pain relief with functional restoration.