Nobel prize-winning Treg cells in autoimmune kidney diseases and transplantation

The 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Shimon Sakaguchi for their research into mechanisms by which the immune system avoids attacking the body's own tissues. At the heart of this research was the discovery of the regulatory T cell, a peculiar immune cell with the capacity to shut down autoimmunity. This Editorial: Special Report looks at the tenacious science and scientists behind the discovery of the regulatory T cell, and the clinical progress of regulatory T-cell therapies to treat autoimmune kidney diseases and transplant rejection.