Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

8.9K
The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex....
8.9K
Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex01:23

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex

3.9K
The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at...
3.9K
Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

10.4K
Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
10.4K
Cerebral Hemispheres01:05

Cerebral Hemispheres

3.1K
The human brain, a complex organ, is functionally divided into two cerebral hemispheres—left and right. These hemispheres are interconnected by a structure of paramount importance, the corpus callosum. This substantial bundle of neural fibers is not just a bridge between the hemispheres but a crucial element for the brain's comprehensive functioning. It enables efficient communication between the two hemispheres, allowing each side of the brain to control and receive sensory and motor...
3.1K
Lobes of the Cerebrum01:22

Lobes of the Cerebrum

5.6K
The cerebral cortex, a critical structure of the brain, is intricately divided into two hemispheres, each consisting of four distinct lobes: occipital, temporal, frontal, and parietal. These lobes function cooperatively to regulate various cognitive and sensory functions, forming the basis of our complex neural capabilities.
Frontal lobe
The frontal lobes, located behind the forehead, are the command center of our brain, controlling personality, intelligence, and voluntary muscle movements....
5.6K
Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview II01:11

Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview II

5.8K
Each cerebral hemisphere can be divided into three main regions. The outermost region, the cerebral cortex, is a thin layer (2 to 4 millimeters thick) made up of gray matter, consisting of neuron cell bodies, dendrites, glial cells, and blood vessels. The middle region, or white matter, is primarily composed of myelinated nerve fibers organized into three types of large tracts: association fibers, commissures, and projection fibers. Association fibers connect different areas within the same...
5.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Cerebellar tonic inhibition orchestrates the maturation of information processing and motor coordination.

Experimental & molecular medicine·2026
Same author

A Real-Time Mobile Robotic System for Crack Detection in Construction Using Two-Stage Deep Learning.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Harnessing theta-gamma coupled brainwaves using ultrasound for spinal astrocyte revitalization and sustained neuropathic pain relief in mice.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Hippocampal-cortical interactions in the consolidation of social memory.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Author Correction: Cortical representations of affective pain shape empathic fear in male mice.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Cortical representations of affective pain shape empathic fear in male mice.

Nature communications·2025
Same journal

Targeted Delivery of Indole-3-Pyruvic Acid Suppresses Macrophage Ferroptosis to Enhance CD8<sup>+</sup> T Cell-Mediated Immunotherapy Response in Bladder Cancer.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026
Same journal

Pathological Copper Overload Reprograms SOD1 Activation via COMMD1 to Promote Senescence and Fibrosis.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026
Same journal

Bending-Resistant Intimate 3D Graphene-Metal Heterojunctions for Highly Sensitive and Robust Flexible Sensors.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026
Same journal

A Pathology-Instructed Theranostic Platform with Mechanoadaptive and ROS-Powered Nanobreathing Functions for Precision Myocardial Repair.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026
Same journal

Targeting p21-High Senescent Kupffer Cells Nanotherapeutically Potentiates Antitumor Immunity in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Portal Vein Tumor Thrombus.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026
Same journal

A Ceramic Network for Hybrid Solid Electrolyte Lithium Metal Batteries.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 24, 2026

Cross-Modal Multivariate Pattern Analysis
13:51

Cross-Modal Multivariate Pattern Analysis

Published on: November 9, 2011

20.6K

Hierarchical Summary Statistics Encoding Across Primary Visual and Posterior Parietal Cortices.

Young-Beom Lee1, Oliver James1, Gaeun Jung1,2

  • 1Center For Memory and Glioscience, Institute For Basic Science, Daejeon, South Korea.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|March 22, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neural mechanisms for visual summary statistics were explored using calcium imaging in mice. Population activity robustly encoded mean motion direction, suggesting information accumulation across the visual hierarchy.

Keywords:
distributed population codeensemble perceptionperceptual categorizationsummary statistics encodingvisual cortical hierarchy

More Related Videos

A Large Lateral Craniotomy Procedure for Mesoscale Wide-field Optical Imaging of Brain Activity
10:05

A Large Lateral Craniotomy Procedure for Mesoscale Wide-field Optical Imaging of Brain Activity

Published on: May 7, 2017

13.0K
Mapping Cortical Dynamics Using Simultaneous MEG/EEG and Anatomically-constrained Minimum-norm Estimates: an Auditory Attention Example
08:45

Mapping Cortical Dynamics Using Simultaneous MEG/EEG and Anatomically-constrained Minimum-norm Estimates: an Auditory Attention Example

Published on: October 24, 2012

15.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 24, 2026

Cross-Modal Multivariate Pattern Analysis
13:51

Cross-Modal Multivariate Pattern Analysis

Published on: November 9, 2011

20.6K
A Large Lateral Craniotomy Procedure for Mesoscale Wide-field Optical Imaging of Brain Activity
10:05

A Large Lateral Craniotomy Procedure for Mesoscale Wide-field Optical Imaging of Brain Activity

Published on: May 7, 2017

13.0K
Mapping Cortical Dynamics Using Simultaneous MEG/EEG and Anatomically-constrained Minimum-norm Estimates: an Auditory Attention Example
08:45

Mapping Cortical Dynamics Using Simultaneous MEG/EEG and Anatomically-constrained Minimum-norm Estimates: an Auditory Attention Example

Published on: October 24, 2012

15.3K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Computational Neuroscience
  • Systems Neuroscience

Background:

  • The visual system's ability to extract summary statistics from sensory input is increasingly recognized.
  • However, the specific neural circuits and coding strategies underlying this process remain largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neural coding of summary statistics at single-cell and population levels in the visual cortex.
  • To determine how neural activity in the primary visual cortex (V1) and posterior parietal cortex (PPC) represents global motion direction and stimulus variance.

Main Methods:

  • Calcium imaging was used to record neural activity in V1 and PPC of head-fixed mice.
  • Mice passively viewed or performed a motion categorization task with random dot stimuli varying in mean motion direction.

Main Results:

  • A subset of neurons in V1 and PPC exhibited selectivity for global mean motion direction.
  • Population activity in V1 robustly encoded mean motion direction, even when individual neurons were not significantly tuned.
  • V1's representation of mean motion direction was influenced by stimulus variance and task demands, biasing it toward category centers.
  • Neural populations in both V1 and PPC demonstrated coding for stimulus variance.

Conclusions:

  • Multivariate activity in V1 is well-suited for processing summary statistics like mean motion direction and variance.
  • Summary statistical information is redundantly encoded in both V1 and PPC, indicating accumulation across the visual hierarchy.
  • This hierarchical accumulation may enable PPC to integrate diverse summary statistics for task-oriented perception.