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Updated: Mar 24, 2026

Inducing Apical Periodontitis in Mice

Inducing Apical Periodontitis in Mice

Published on: August 6, 2019

Post-treatment Apical Periodontitis: Histobacteriologic and Histopathologic Findings.

Domenico Ricucci¹, Andrea F Campello², Irina Milovidova¹

¹Private Practice, Cetraro, Italy.

Journal of Endodontics

|March 22, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Post-treatment apical periodontitis is often caused by intraradicular bacteria, with extraradicular infections also common. Granulomas were the most frequent histopathological diagnosis in failed root canal treatments.

Keywords:

Apical cyst biofilm endodontic infection extraradicular infection post-treatment apical periodontitis

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Area of Science:

Endodontics
Oral Pathology
Microbiology

Background:

Post-treatment apical periodontitis signifies endodontic treatment failure.
Understanding its histobacteriological and histopathological features is crucial for diagnosis and management.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe the histobacteriological and histopathological characteristics of biopsy specimens from teeth with post-treatment apical periodontitis.
To evaluate the distribution of infection and its association with clinical and histopathological parameters.

Main Methods:

Analysis of 71 human biopsy specimens from root canal-treated teeth with apical periodontitis.
Histobacteriological and histopathological evaluation of root apexes and associated lesions.
Correlation of infection aspects with demographic, clinical, radiographic, and histopathological data.

Main Results:

Intraradicular bacteria, often in biofilms, were present in 94% of specimens.
Extraradicular infection occurred in 37%, typically associated with intraradicular infection.
Non-epithelialized granuloma was the most common lesion type (42%).

Conclusions:

Intraradicular infection is the primary driver of post-treatment apical periodontitis.
Extraradicular infection is a significant co-factor, frequently linked to intraradicular infection.
Granuloma represents the most frequent histopathological finding in these cases.