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Ischemic Heart Disease: Overview01:17

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Ischemic heart disease occurs when the heart's blood supply dwindles, causing an ominous lack of oxygen and nutrients. This deficiency, stemming from reduced or obstructed blood flow, spells danger, leading to heart muscle damage and dysfunction.
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A Mouse Model of Retinal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Through Elevation of Intraocular Pressure
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Stroke Risk after Ischemic Ocular Events: Insights from an Electronic Health Record Database.

Victoria Vought1, Rita Vought1, Zeshui Yu2

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey.

Ophthalmology. Retina
|March 22, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Acute ischemic ocular events (IOEs) significantly increase the risk of stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). Older age, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and carotid artery stenosis are key risk factors requiring close patient follow-up.

Keywords:
Amaurosis fugaxElectronic health recordRetinal artery occlusionStrokeTruveta

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neurology
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • Acute ischemic ocular events (IOEs), such as retinal artery occlusion (RAO) and amaurosis fugax, are critical indicators of potential impending cerebrovascular events.
  • These events pose a significant risk for subsequent ischemic stroke (IS) or transient ischemic attack (TIA), necessitating a thorough understanding of associated clinical characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the clinical characteristics that influence the risk of IS/TIA following the initial diagnosis of RAO or amaurosis fugax in adult patients.
  • To identify specific risk factors contributing to the occurrence of IS/TIA after an index IOE.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study design was employed using data from the Truveta Electronic Health Record database.
  • Incident IOE cases diagnosed between January 1, 2019, and September 30, 2024, were identified.
  • Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for potential risk factors, including demographics and comorbidities.

Main Results:

  • Out of 11,297 individuals with an IOE, 22.8% experienced an IS or TIA within one year. IS/TIA occurred on the same day as the IOE in 9.4% of cases.
  • Significant risk factors for IS/TIA included older age (OR per 10 years: 1.11), hypertension (OR: 1.99), cardiovascular disease without prior myocardial infarction (OR: 1.89), and carotid artery stenosis (CAS; OR: 1.60).
  • Specific risk factors varied between IS and TIA cohorts, with older age, CAS, and hypertension being prominent in the IS group, while older age, cardiovascular disease, and CAS were significant for TIA.

Conclusions:

  • Patients experiencing IOEs face a substantial risk of subsequent IS/TIA, with a notable proportion occurring within 30 days.
  • Older age, pre-existing cardiovascular disease, CAS, and hypertension are identified as key factors increasing vulnerability to IS/TIA after an IOE.
  • These findings underscore the critical need for prompt evaluation and diligent long-term monitoring of patients with IOEs, particularly those with identified risk factors.