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Related Concept Videos

Precipitation Gravimetry01:03

Precipitation Gravimetry

16.0K
Precipitation gravimetry is based on converting an analyte into a sparingly soluble precipitate, which is separated by filtration and weighed. An ideal precipitate should be pure, insoluble, of known composition, and easily filtered from the reaction mixture.
In determining nickel by gravimetric analysis, a precipitant of ethanolic dimethylglyoxime is added to a hot nickel salt solution. This is quickly followed by the dropwise addition of dilute ammonia solution until precipitation occurs. A...
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Precipitation Processes01:12

Precipitation Processes

6.5K
The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
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Precipitation and Co-precipitation01:17

Precipitation and Co-precipitation

5.5K
Precipitation and coprecipitation methods can be used to separate a mixture of ions in a solution. In qualitative inorganic analysis, ions that form sparingly soluble precipitates with the same reagent are separated based on the differences in solubility products. For example, consider the separation of Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions by precipitation as insoluble sulfides. First, copper(II) sulfide is precipitated by the addition of acidic H2S, where the dissociation of H2S is suppressed. Adding H2S...
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Flame Photometry: Overview01:02

Flame Photometry: Overview

1.8K
Flame photometry, also known as flame emission spectrometry, is a technique used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of elements present in a sample using a flame as the source of excitation energy. The concept of flame photometry was realized in the early 1860s by Kirchhoff and Bunsen, who discovered that specific elements emit characteristic radiation when excited in flames. The first instrument developed for this purpose was used to measure sodium (Na) in plant ash using a Bunsen...
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Boundary Layer Characteristics01:18

Boundary Layer Characteristics

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When a fluid encounters a solid surface, a boundary layer forms due to the interaction between the fluid's motion and the stationary surface. This phenomenon is characterized by a thin region adjacent to the surface where viscous forces dominate, influencing the fluid's velocity profile. The development of the boundary layer begins at the leading edge of the surface and evolves as the fluid moves downstream.As the fluid flows over the surface, friction between the fluid and the wall slows down...
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Methods of Obtaining Topography01:25

Methods of Obtaining Topography

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Topography involves measuring and mapping land elevations, natural features, and artificial structures to create accurate representations of the terrain. Topographic surveying relies on traditional and modern methods, each with distinct advantages and limitations.Traditional Surveying Methods:Transit stadia surveys and plane table surveys were widely used traditional surveying methods. These techniques relied on instruments like theodolites and stadia rods for measuring distances and angles,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Data Processing Methods for 3D Seismic Imaging of Subsurface Volcanoes: Applications to the Tarim Flood Basalt
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Data Processing Methods for 3D Seismic Imaging of Subsurface Volcanoes: Applications to the Tarim Flood Basalt

Published on: August 7, 2017

A low-latency deep learning framework for volcanic ash cloud nowcasting using geostationary satellite imagery.

Décio Alves1,2, Marko Radeta3,4,5, Fábio Mendonça3,6

  • 1University of Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal. decio.alves@iti.tecnico.ulisboa.pt.

Scientific Reports
|March 23, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a fast deep learning model for volcanic ash nowcasting using satellite data, enabling emergency response within seconds. A new injection algorithm visualizes hypothetical hazardous aerosol dispersion scenarios on edge devices.

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Data Processing Methods for 3D Seismic Imaging of Subsurface Volcanoes: Applications to the Tarim Flood Basalt
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Published on: February 25, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Geosciences
  • Computer Science
  • Remote Sensing

Background:

  • Operational hazardous aerosol dispersion assessments face latency issues, hindering timely emergency response.
  • Existing methods struggle to provide real-time predictions crucial for immediate decision-making.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a deep learning approach for near-real-time nowcasting of volcanic ash dispersion.
  • To create a generalizable framework for visualizing hypothetical hazardous aerosol dispersion scenarios.

Main Methods:

  • A deep learning model was trained on EUMETSAT SEVIRI satellite imagery for volcanic ash detection.
  • An edge computing workflow was implemented for rapid data processing and inference (<5 seconds).
  • A pixel-based event-injection algorithm was developed to simulate synthetic plumes for scenario exploration.

Main Results:

  • The model achieved a structural similarity index of 0.88 for 15-minute forecasts.
  • The complete edge workflow, including data download and inference, operates in under five seconds.
  • The system successfully demonstrated scenario visualizations for hypothetical nuclear events across various scales.

Conclusions:

  • A fast, low-cost volcanic ash nowcasting system was successfully developed and validated.
  • The introduced injection framework enables rapid visualization of kinematic transport patterns for diverse particulate sources.
  • The system offers a valuable tool for emergency response and hypothetical scenario planning.