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How does multi-hazard communication influence risk perception, attitudes, and behaviour: an experimental survey.

Lauren J Vinnell¹, Emma E H Doyle¹, Julia S Becker¹

¹Joint Centre for Disaster Research, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand.

|March 23, 2026

Summary

Understanding multi-hazard risks is crucial. Focusing public education on single hazards, rather than multiple risks, may improve risk perception and preparation for natural disasters like earthquakes and tsunamis.

Keywords:

earthquake multi‐hazard risk risk communication risk perception tsunami

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Area of Science:

Psychology
Environmental Science
Disaster Management

Background:

Limited understanding exists regarding how multi-hazard contexts influence risk perception and behavior.
Existing research often fails to capture the complex interplay between different natural hazards.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the effects of considering one hazard (earthquake or tsunami) on the perception and preparedness for a second hazard.
To inform public education strategies for multi-hazard environments.

Main Methods:

An experimental survey design was employed.
Participants were divided into groups, each considering a different combination of earthquake and tsunami hazards.
Hazard perception and intention to prepare were measured.

Main Results:

Considering one hazard significantly altered judgments about the second hazard.
Participants perceived lower threat from tsunamis after thinking about earthquakes, and vice versa.
Tsunami preparation intention decreased after considering earthquakes, while earthquake preparation intention increased after considering tsunamis.

Conclusions:

Public education on disaster preparedness may be more effective when focusing on single hazards or hazard impacts.
Overloading the public with multiple risks simultaneously could reduce overall preparedness and risk perception.
Tailoring communication strategies to specific hazard contexts is essential for effective disaster risk reduction.