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Diarrheal pathogens in children under five: a cross-sectional study from Children's Hospital 1, Vietnam

Thanh Minh Ngoc Bui1,2, Tri Minh Bui3, Phuc Le Hoang4

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam.

Journal of Tropical Pediatrics
|March 23, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Acute diarrhea in Vietnamese children is caused by diverse pathogens, with Rotavirus being most common. Clinical symptoms differ by pathogen type, impacting treatment decisions.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Gastroenterology
  • Molecular Diagnostics

Background:

  • Acute diarrhea is a leading cause of mortality in children under five globally.
  • Vietnam studies often focus on single pathogens, limiting comprehensive etiological understanding.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Characterize the etiology of acute watery and bloody diarrhea in Vietnamese children.
  • Describe epidemiological and clinical features across different pathogen groups.
  • Examine characteristics of Rotavirus infections in children.

Main Methods:

  • Multiplex real-time RT-PCR used to test for enteric pathogens.
  • 382 children under five hospitalized with acute diarrhea were enrolled.
  • Study conducted from December 2022 to April 2023 in Vietnam.

Main Results:

  • Fifteen pathogens identified; Group A Rotavirus (55.2%), Adenovirus (20.9%), Norovirus II (13.9%), and diarrheagenic E. coli (9.2%) were most frequent.
  • Coinfections occurred in 39.0% of cases.
  • Viral infections associated with vomiting and watery diarrhea; bacterial infections with bloody stools and fever. Unvaccinated children with Rotavirus had prolonged illness and hospitalization.

Conclusions:

  • Diverse pathogens cause acute diarrhea in Vietnamese children, with Rotavirus, Adenovirus, Norovirus II, and DEC being predominant.
  • Distinct clinical presentations aid in pathogen group differentiation.
  • Epidemiological and clinical data can inform early clinical decisions in resource-limited settings.
Abstract

Keywords:
Children's Hospital 1Rotavirusdiarrheadiarrheal pathogensenteropathogens

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