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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Association01:28

Ionic Association

166
The ionic association is the association of oppositely charged ions in an electrolyte solution to form ion pairs. Bjerrum defined ion pairs as two oppositely charged ions whose electrostatic attraction exceeds the thermal energy of the system, typically expressed as 2kT. Electrostatic attraction depends on ionic charge, separation distance, and the dielectric constant of the medium. Thermal energy, represented by kT, reflects the tendency of ions to move independently due to molecular motion.
166
Theory of Strong Electrolytes01:23

Theory of Strong Electrolytes

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The interionic forces of the strong electrolytes depend on the solvent's dielectric constant, which is the ability of a solvent to store electrical energy, based on its polarizability. and the solution's concentration. In high-dielectric solvents and in dilute solutions, weak electrostatic forces keep ions apart. However, in low-dielectric solvents or concentrated solutions, stronger interionic forces may cause ions to pair up as ionic doublets despite being fully ionized. The theory of strong...
62
Processes at Electrodes01:30

Processes at Electrodes

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The electrode interacts with ions in the electrolyte solution at its interface. The rate of oxidation and reduction depends on the speed at which electrons can transfer through this interface. As ions attach to or leave the electrode surface, the electrode acquires a charge, and an electrical potential forms across the interface, making the process more difficult to reach equilibrium. The charge on the electrode affects the local ion concentrations in the solution, though thermal motion...
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Batteries and Fuel Cells03:12

Batteries and Fuel Cells

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A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
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Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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The Electrical Double Layer01:30

The Electrical Double Layer

117
In the region where two bulk phases meet, an intricate electric charge distribution arises due to charge transfer, ion adsorption, molecular orientation, and charge distortion. This complex distribution is commonly referred to as the electrical double layer.When a solid electrode interfaces with ions in an electrolyte solution, the speed of electron transfer dictates the rates of oxidation and reduction. The electrode acquires a charge through the escape of atoms into the solution as cations or...
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Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
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High-Entropy Lithium-Ion Electrolyte Enabled High-Performance Composite Proton Conductor.

Xin Chen1,2, Yifan Xu1,2, Bingzi Feng1,2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|March 23, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a composite proton conductor made of BZCY and a high-entropy lithium-ion conductor (HE-PNC). This composite allows for lower sintering temperatures, improving conductivity and enabling practical proton conductor ceramic fuel cells.

Keywords:
compositeselectrolyteshigh-entropy lithium-ion electrolyteproton conductorultrafast high-temperature sintering

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Ceramic Engineering

Background:

  • BaZr0.1Ce0.7Y0.2O3-δ (BZCY) is a leading proton conductor but suffers from high sintering temperatures causing barium volatilization and conductivity loss.
  • Conventional sintering methods for BZCY require high temperatures (1400 °C), leading to material degradation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a high-performance composite proton conductor with improved conductivity and lower processing temperatures.
  • To overcome the limitations of BZCY, such as barium volatilization and irreversible conductivity degradation.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a composite proton conductor using BZCY and a high-entropy lithium-ion conductor, Li6.5LaPrNdZr0.75Ce0.75Ta0.5O12 (HE-PNC).
  • Utilized ultrafast high-temperature sintering (UHS) at a significantly reduced temperature (960 °C).
  • Characterized the microstructure and electrochemical properties of the composite material.

Main Results:

  • The composite achieved rapid densification and effective BZCY grain connection at 960 °C, suppressing barium volatilization.
  • The HE-PNC phase formed a continuous framework, creating efficient proton transport pathways at HE-PNC/BZCY interfaces.
  • Achieved high proton conductivities of 36, 98, and 195 mS cm-1 at 450, 600, and 800 °C, respectively, in a wet H2 atmosphere.

Conclusions:

  • The developed composite proton conductor demonstrates superior performance and processing advantages over pure BZCY.
  • The HE-PNC/BZCY composite offers a viable pathway for optimizing electrolyte processing and operational temperatures in proton conductor ceramic fuel cells.
  • This advancement paves the way for practical proton conductor ceramic fuel cell systems.