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Area of Science:

  • Geological Engineering
  • Environmental Science
  • Computational Science

Background:

  • Carbon geological storage (CGS) is crucial for carbon neutrality.
  • CGS safety and effectiveness depend on coupled thermal, hydraulic, mechanical, and chemical (THMC) processes.
  • Current research lacks a unified framework for understanding and simulating THMC interactions in CGS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of the THMC coupling application landscape in CGS.
  • To elucidate fundamental THMC processes, their interactions, and numerical simulation approaches.
  • To identify current challenges and propose future development directions for THMC modeling in CGS.

Main Methods:

  • Review of fundamental THMC processes and interaction mechanisms (2- to 4-field coupling).
  • Analysis of numerical tactics, computational methodologies, and software platforms for THMC simulation.
  • Examination of THMC model applications in site screening, wellbore integrity, and storage evolution.

Main Results:

  • Identified key applications of THMC models in deep saline aquifers and depleted oil/gas reservoirs.
  • Evaluated the pros and cons of various numerical and computational approaches.
  • Highlighted critical challenges including computational efficiency, parameter uncertainty, and validation.

Conclusions:

  • A unified framework for THMC coupling in CGS is needed.
  • Addressing current challenges requires advancements in intelligent algorithms, multiscale modeling, data assimilation, and standardized platforms.
  • Improved THMC understanding and modeling will enhance CGS safety, efficiency, and scalability.