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RNA Splicing

RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...

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Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...

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Pre-mRNA Processing: RNA Splicing

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Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 24, 2026

Engineering Artificial Factors to Specifically Manipulate Alternative Splicing in Human Cells

Engineering Artificial Factors to Specifically Manipulate Alternative Splicing in Human Cells

Published on: April 26, 2017

Spligation enables programmable chimeric RNA generation in living cells.

David A Colognori^1,2,3, Kevin M Wasko^1,2, Marena I Trinidad^1,4

¹Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology

|March 23, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

New CRISPR-Csm technology precisely deletes RNA sequences within transcripts, enabling novel RNA manipulation and therapeutic applications for human diseases.

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Last Updated: Mar 24, 2026

Engineering Artificial Factors to Specifically Manipulate Alternative Splicing in Human Cells

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Published on: April 26, 2017

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Published on: April 22, 2021

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Genetic Engineering

Background:

Precise RNA modification is crucial for controlling genetic information flow, influencing transcript stability, localization, and translation.
Current RNA-targeting technologies like CRISPR-Csm, RNA knockdown, base editing, and trans-splicing have limitations for extensive transcript alterations.
Genome editing or endogenous splicing machinery are typically required for more significant transcript modifications.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the potential of type III-A CRISPR-Csm complexes for site-specific RNA deletions in human cells.
To explore the generation of chimeric transcripts through RNA ligation following CRISPR-Csm-mediated cleavage.
To demonstrate the application of this novel RNA manipulation technique in endogenous transcripts for therapeutic purposes.

Main Methods:

Utilized type III-A CRISPR-Csm complexes for programmable RNA cleavage and excision in human cells.
Fused CRISPR-Csm complexes with the RNA ligase RtcB to enhance deletion efficiency.
Developed and applied a "spligation" process combining CRISPR-Csm cleavage and trans-ligation to create chimeric transcripts.

Main Results:

CRISPR-Csm complexes successfully generated both short and long RNA excisions within target transcripts.
Fusion of Csm with RtcB significantly enhanced the efficiency of RNA deletion.
The spligation process was demonstrated to create chimeric transcripts from cleaved products of different RNA molecules.
Applied spligation to endogenous transcripts, generating recombinant mRNA independent of canonical splice sites.

Conclusions:

CRISPR-Csm complexes offer a powerful tool for precise, site-specific RNA deletions, expanding RNA manipulation capabilities.
The enhanced CRISPR-Csm-RtcB system and spligation technique enable novel RNA engineering strategies.
This approach holds significant potential for developing new therapeutic strategies for human diseases by precisely altering RNA molecules.