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Related Concept Videos

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

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Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
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Electroconvulsive Therapy01:30

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Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), or shock therapy, remains a critical biomedical intervention for severe, treatment-resistant depression. While its origins can be traced back to Hippocrates' observations that malaria-induced convulsions alleviated mental illness, modern ECT has evolved significantly from its earlier, more primitive applications. First introduced in 1938 by Ugo Cerletti and his colleagues, ECT involves inducing controlled seizures using electrical currents. In its early...
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Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists01:14

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Glutamate is a fundamental neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, playing a vital role in neuronal communication and various cognitive processes. Glutamate stands as the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Its presence is crucial for the communication between neurons, underpinning essential processes such as synaptic transmission, neuronal excitability, and plasticity. These functions are vital for higher-order cognitive processes, including learning and memory. The...
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Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators01:18

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γ-aminobutyric acid or GABA, plays a pivotal role as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. GABA pathway potentiators, also known as GABAergic drugs, are a class of pharmaceutical agents designed to enhance the functioning of the GABAergic system. These medications primarily treat epilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures.
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Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein01:20

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Antiepileptic drugs, such as levetiracetam (Keppra) and brivaracetam (Briviact), have emerged as crucial tools in managing epilepsy. These medications exert their therapeutic effects by targeting the synaptic vesicle protein SV2A, a transmembrane glycoprotein primarily found in the brain.
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Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy01:26

Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy

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Antipsychotic drugs are a crucial treatment method for acute and chronic psychoses, bipolar illness, and behavioral disorders. The selection of these drugs depends on several factors, including the state of the disease, clinical judgment, possible drug interactions, and the patient's sensitivity to adverse effects. In immediate scenarios, such as delirium and dementia, short-term treatment with low doses of high-potency typical or atypical agents can effectively manage symptom exacerbation.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 24, 2026

Electrophoretic Delivery of γ-aminobutyric Acid GABA into Epileptic Focus Prevents Seizures in Mice
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Is It Policy And Not Treatment That Actually Determines Epilepsy Outcomes?

Amza Ali1, Heather Ravvin McKee2, Sanjay M Sisodiya3

  • 1Department of Neurology, Kingston Public Hospital and University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica.

Epilepsy Currents
|March 23, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Epilepsy care faces global inequities due to health system failures, not treatment limits. Policy and artificial intelligence (AI) can create resilient systems for equitable, cost-effective neurological disorder management.

Keywords:
artificial intelligenceepilepsyfinancial gapsglobal healthhealth systeminequitymedical ethicsoutcomespolicytechnology

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Stereo-Electro-Encephalo-Graphy SEEG With Robotic Assistance in the Presurgical Evaluation of Medical Refractory Epilepsy: A Technical Note
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Network Analysis of Foramen Ovale Electrode Recordings in Drug-resistant Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Patients
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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Health Systems Research
  • Public Health Policy

Background:

  • Epilepsy is a common, treatable neurological disorder with persistent global inequities in outcomes.
  • Despite treatment advances, significant gaps in care and excess mortality persist across all socioeconomic levels.
  • These disparities often stem from health system weaknesses in access, continuity, and design, rather than therapeutic limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze how health systems manage chronic neurological diseases under stress, using epilepsy as a model.
  • To examine the impact of passive health system evolution and external stressors on neurological care delivery.
  • To propose policy and technological solutions for enhancing health system resilience and equitable care.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of health system responses to chronic neurological disease, focusing on epilepsy.
  • Examination of evidence from global neurology and health economics on system design and care models.
  • Exploration of the role of policy and artificial intelligence (AI) in developing resilient health systems.

Main Results:

  • Passive health system development leads to reactive care, inefficient resource use, and high indirect costs.
  • Environmental and climate-related stressors exacerbate structural weaknesses, disrupting care continuity and patient safety.
  • Interrupted epilepsy treatment can lead to seizures, injury, and death, highlighting the link between environmental factors and neurological harm.

Conclusions:

  • Health system policy is the primary driver of reactive versus resilient care models for neurological disorders.
  • Artificial intelligence (AI) can support context-appropriate policy and system design for earlier diagnosis and sustained treatment.
  • Aligning policy, technology, and health system design is crucial for equitable, cost-effective epilepsy care amidst global changes.