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Assessment of the Cardiovascular System III: Palpation01:27

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Palpation involves feeling the body to evaluate texture, size, consistency, and tenderness for assessing cardiovascular health. The following steps are organized in a head-to-toe order:
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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
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The key difference between Superficial Vein Thrombosis (SVT) and Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) lies in their location and severity.Clinical ManifestationsSVT typically presents with localized pain, tenderness, and redness along the course of a superficial vein, often accompanied by a palpable, cord-like structure under the skin. This condition is usually less dangerous than DVT but can be uncomfortable and may lead to complications such as cellulitis or, rarely, a clot extension into the deep...
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Angioedema Presenting as Infant-Onset Primary Lymphedema.

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Updated: Mar 24, 2026

Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Breast Cancer-related Lymphedema
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Rheumatological Diseases and Lower Extremity Edema: A Lymphoscintigram Study.

Michal Ad1, Arin K Greene1

  • 1Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Lymphedema Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.

Journal of Vascular Anomalies
|March 23, 2026
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Leg swelling in rheumatologic disease patients is often misdiagnosed as lymphedema. This study found that these patients have normal lymphatic function, indicating other causes for their edema.

Keywords:
Sjogrenarthritisfibromyalgialymphedemalymphoscintigrampsoriaticrheumatologic

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Vascular Medicine
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Lymphedema is frequently misdiagnosed as a generic term for leg swelling.
  • A significant percentage of patients referred for lymphedema lack the condition.
  • Rheumatologic diseases can present with leg edema, raising diagnostic questions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the lymphatic function in patients with rheumatologic diseases and leg edema.
  • To differentiate true lymphedema from other causes of swelling in this patient group.

Main Methods:

  • Lymphoscintigraphy was performed on five individuals with rheumatologic disease and leg edema.
  • Assessment of lymphatic system functionality.

Main Results:

  • All five subjects with rheumatologic disease and leg edema demonstrated normal lymphatic function.
  • The findings indicate that lymphatic dysfunction is not the cause of leg swelling in these patients.

Conclusions:

  • Lower extremity swelling in patients with rheumatologic conditions is not attributable to lymphedema.
  • The etiology of leg edema in rheumatologic disease likely involves mechanisms other than lymphatic dysfunction.
  • Accurate diagnosis is crucial to avoid misclassification of leg swelling.