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Related Concept Videos

Anatomical Positions01:11

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In anatomy, several standard anatomical positions are used as references for describing the position and orientation of different body parts. These positions help provide a common frame of reference when discussing anatomical structures. The anatomical position is the standard reference point for describing the body's position and orientation. In this position:
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Parenteral Nutrition (PN) delivers essential nutrients directly into the bloodstream, bypassing the digestive system. It is commonly used for individuals with severe digestive disorders or conditions that prevent normal nutrient absorption.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 24, 2026

Prone Lateral Minimally Invasive Retropleural Corpectomy Using a Rotatable Radiolucent Jackson Table
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Enhancing Percutaneous Access: The «GENOA» Prone Modified Position.

Guglielmo Mantica1,2, Marco Martiriggiano1,2, Raquel Diaz2,3

  • 1Department of Urology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, University of Genova, Genova, Italy.

Research and Reports in Urology
|March 23, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The novel GENOA Prone Modified Position for percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) offers improved access to kidney stones while minimizing ventilation risks. This technique shows promise for safer and more effective stone removal.

Keywords:
PCNLkidney stonesprone PCNstaghorn stonesurolithiasis

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Minimally Invasive Surgery
  • Nephrology

Background:

  • Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is standard for large renal stones.
  • Optimal patient positioning for PCNL is debated, balancing access efficacy and patient ventilation.
  • Traditional prone positioning aids access but complicates ventilation; supine positions improve airway management but may reduce access.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and evaluate the preliminary feasibility of the "GENOA" Prone Modified Position for PCNL.
  • To assess if this novel position combines the benefits of prone and supine approaches for renal stone treatment.

Main Methods:

  • A modified prone position was used, involving ~30-45° rotation with gel pads to align the renal axis parallel to the floor.
  • Three patients underwent PCNL using the GENOA technique, focusing on safety and ergonomic puncture.
  • Punctures were performed below the costal margin, targeting lower calyces.

Main Results:

  • The GENOA position facilitated safer, ergonomic punctures below the costal margin.
  • Four of six renal units were accessed in the lower calyces.
  • Mean operative time was 72.2 minutes, with two patients achieving complete stone clearance and no complications or opioid use.

Conclusions:

  • The GENOA Prone Modified Position is a feasible and effective technique for PCNL.
  • It enhances access to posterior calyces while mitigating ventilatory risks associated with traditional prone positioning.
  • Further research is warranted to confirm reproducibility and long-term benefits in larger patient cohorts.