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Related Concept Videos

Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
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Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle01:28

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The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
Musculoskeletal disorders
Musculoskeletal disorders involve injuries and conditions affecting the skeletal muscles and associated connective tissues. These disorders can arise from acute biomechanical stresses or chronic overuse and can occur across different age groups. Common injuries include sprains, fractures, and muscular strains, often resulting from...
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Fractures: Bone Repair01:27

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Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the...
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Disability: The Understudied Population in Orthopaedics.

Ally A Yang1, Meera M Dhodapkar2, Julian Smith-Voudouris1

  • 1Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University, New Haven, USA.

Cureus
|March 23, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This review found a significant gap in research on healthcare disparities for people with disabilities in orthopaedics. More studies are needed to understand and address barriers to equitable orthopaedic care.

Keywords:
disabilityhealth equityhealthcare disparityorthopedic surgerysystematic reviewunderserved populations

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopaedic Surgery
  • Public Health
  • Health Disparities Research

Background:

  • Healthcare disparities significantly impact healthcare delivery.
  • Patients with disabilities are an under-recognized population requiring focused public health attention.
  • Existing literature often overlooks disability as a factor in healthcare access and outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and characterize published literature on access to and outcomes of orthopaedic care for people with disabilities.
  • To identify gaps in the current research regarding disability and orthopaedic care disparities.
  • To inform future research directions for promoting equitable orthopaedic care.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of articles published in the last five years from top 20 impact factor, Medline-indexed American orthopaedic surgery journals.
  • Literature search conducted using PubMed.
  • Inclusion criteria focused on studies assessing access or outcomes of orthopaedic care among underserved populations, with data extraction by two independent reviewers.

Main Results:

  • 124 manuscripts met inclusion criteria; 49.2% focused on access disparities, 29.0% on outcomes disparities, and 21.8% on both.
  • Commonly studied disparity factors included race, insurance status, socioeconomic status, ethnicity, and chronic illnesses.
  • Only 5.0% of studies examined barriers related to disability, indicating a critical research gap.

Conclusions:

  • A significant gap exists in orthopaedic literature concerning access to care and outcome disparities for patients with disabilities.
  • Disability-related barriers are examined less frequently than those for other underserved populations.
  • Future research must systematically evaluate barriers faced by people with disabilities and promote inclusive design for equitable orthopaedic care.