Integrated Management Strategies for Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension: A Systematic Review

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Endocrinology
• Public Health

Background:

• Diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension frequently coexist, significantly increasing cardiovascular risks and global healthcare burdens.
• Fragmented clinical management of these conditions creates uncertainty regarding optimal integrated care strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review evidence on integrated management approaches for adults with coexisting DM and hypertension.
• To emphasize intervention models and clinical outcomes associated with integrated care.

Main Methods:

• Systematic literature search conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (2015-2025).
• Included randomized controlled trials and comparative observational studies evaluating integrated or combined management strategies.
• Synthesized data from eleven eligible studies, acknowledging heterogeneity in design and reporting.

Main Results:

• Integrated interventions commonly combined pharmacological optimization, lifestyle modification, multidisciplinary team care, and technology-assisted support.
• Reported outcomes showed improvements in glycaemic control, blood pressure regulation, and cardiometabolic risk factors.
• Findings indicate consistent application of coordinated care frameworks for comprehensive cardiometabolic risk management.

Conclusions:

• Integrated strategies show potential to enhance care coordination, patient engagement, and patient-centered care models.
• Evidence supports integrated management as a viable approach for complex patient needs.
• Coordinated strategies are crucial for contemporary chronic disease management of DM and hypertension.