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The Impact of Coffee Consumption on Mortality Among Patients With Heart Failure

Mariana Alves1, Filipe Dragovic2, Catarina Correia2

  • 1Internal Medicine, Hospital Pulido Valente, Lisbon, PRT.

Cureus
|March 23, 2026
PubMed

Insights

For heart failure patients, drinking up to three cups of coffee daily appears safe. However, consuming four or more cups daily is linked to increased all-cause mortality risk.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Public Health
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Heart failure (HF) affects millions globally, with mortality rates remaining a significant concern.
  • Dietary factors, including coffee consumption, are increasingly investigated for their impact on chronic disease management.
  • Understanding the relationship between coffee intake and mortality in HF patients is crucial for clinical guidance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between daily coffee consumption and all-cause mortality.
  • To analyze this relationship specifically within a cohort of patients diagnosed with heart failure.
  • To utilize data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) for robust analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of NHANES data from 2003-2018, including 915 heart failure patients.
  • Categorization of participants based on daily coffee intake: zero, 1-2, 3, and ≥4 cups.
  • Multivariate logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, and income to assess mortality risk.

Main Results:

  • No significant mortality association was found for consuming one to three cups of coffee daily.
  • Consuming four or more cups of coffee per day was significantly associated with increased all-cause mortality (OR: 1.58; 95% CI: 1.16-2.16; p=0.004).
  • Age emerged as the strongest predictor of mortality; income and sex showed minor associations.

Conclusions:

  • Moderate coffee consumption (up to three cups/day) may be safe for heart failure patients.
  • High coffee intake (≥4 cups/day) warrants caution due to a potential increase in mortality risk.
  • Further research is needed to establish definitive recommendations for coffee consumption in heart failure management.
Abstract

Keywords:
caffeinecardiovascular healthheart failuremortalitynhanesrisk assessment

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