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Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
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The radius is longer of the two bones that make up the human antebrachium or forearm. At the proximal end, the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna to form the elbow joint. At the distal end, the radius articulates with the ulna via the ulnar notch, forming the distal radioulnar joint. Distally, the radius also attaches to the carpal wrist bones (scaphoid and lunate) to form the radiocarpal joint.
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The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...
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DefinitionComputed Tomography (CT) of the genitourinary (GU) tract is a non-invasive imaging modality that utilizes X-rays and computer processing to generate detailed cross-sectional images of the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and adjacent structures such as the adrenal glands.PurposeCT scans of the GU tract serve several diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Diseases: Detects kidney stones, tumors, cysts, and congenital...
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One of the distinctive characteristics of circular shafts is their ability to maintain their cross-sectional integrity under torsion. In other words, each cross-section continues to exist as a flat, unaltered entity, simply rotating like a solid, rigid slab. To understand the distribution of shearing stress within such a shaft, consider a cylindrical section inside this circular shaft. This section has a length of L and a radius of R, with one end fixed. The radius of the cylindrical section is...
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Center of Rotation and Hysteresis Quantification in the Wrist Utilizing Four-Dimensional Computed Tomography.

Elizabeth Norman1,2, Sydney Robinson1,2, Spencer Chambers3

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.

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Summary

This study reveals the dynamic wrist joint axis shifts during motion, with the trapezoid bone exhibiting the most hysteresis. This offers new insights for diagnosing wrist injuries and improving surgical outcomes.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Biomechanics
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Wrist injuries significantly impair function and can cause chronic pain.
  • Current treatments focus on pain relief and function restoration.
  • Dynamic wrist joint motion has not been fully characterized, limiting understanding of healthy function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the dynamic motion of the healthy wrist joint.
  • To provide new insights into wrist joint biomechanics using advanced imaging.
  • To establish a baseline for identifying wrist injuries and guiding surgical interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Ten healthy participants underwent four-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) scans.
  • Three-dimensional (3D) models of the radius and carpal bones were generated.
  • Rotational movements and centers of rotation were analyzed using helical axes, and hysteresis was quantified.

Main Results:

  • The wrist's axis of rotation varied between flexion and extension positions.
  • The trapezoid bone showed the largest hysteresis area (112.8 deg²), while the lunate showed the smallest (46.0 deg²).
  • No significant differences in motion were found across directions, except for the trapezium at 30 degrees extension.

Conclusions:

  • This research enhances understanding of the dynamic wrist joint.
  • Findings can aid in identifying ligamentous injuries and replicating joint motion post-surgery.
  • 4DCT imaging provides valuable data on wrist biomechanics during motion.