Factors Associated With the Selection of Anti-Hypertensive Medications: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Analysis

BackgroundHypertension remains a leading modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and effective anti-hypertensive prescribing is essential for optimal management. This study will evaluate the patterns of anti-hypertensive prescriptions, characteristics of specific drug class users, and significant factors influencing prescription choices within a Saudi Arabian cohort.MethodsThis retrospective, cross-sectional study at Al-Qatif Central Hospital included patients aged ≥40 years who attended outpatient cardiology and internal medicine clinics between January 2020 and December 2021. The characteristics of anti-hypertensive medication users and nonusers were compared using descriptive statistics. Logistic regression models were performed to identify factors associated with anti-hypertensive prescribing patterns adjusted for significant covariates, with results presented as adjusted odds ratios (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (95% CI).ResultsAbout 62% of 5,852 patients were prescribed anti-hypertensive medication, with beta blockers (BBs) and calcium channel blockers (CCBs) being the most prescribed. BBs were primarily prescribed as monotherapy, constituting for 24% of prescriptions. Older patients (≥65 years) were more likely to receive combination therapy, with 17% receiving four anti-hypertensives medications. Diabetes mellitus was positively associated with the prescription of angiotensin receptor blockers (OR = 1.2, P < 0.05) and negatively associated with BBs prescribing (OR = 0.6, P < 0.05). Constipation exhibited a significant association with CCBs prescribing (OR = 1.4, P < 0.05).ConclusionThis study demonstrates significant deviations from existing clinical guidelines, notably the overprescription of BBs in the management of hypertension. The findings highlight where doctors need to look more closely at their prescribing habits and suggest to promote the alignment of prescribing practices with emerging evidence-based recommendations.