[Implementing infection prevention and control: principles and barriers.]

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are infections that occur during hospitalization or healthcare treatment, representing a major public health threat. They have serious consequences: clinical (deterioration of conditions, increased mortality and disability), economic (costs to families and healthcare systems), and legal (professional liability). A substantial proportion of HAIs are preventable. Antimicrobial resistance further complicates management, with multidrug-resistant strains on the rise in Europe and globally. A fundamental pillar of effective programs against HAIs and antibiotic-resistant bacteria is the active and responsible involvement of all healthcare professions and disciplines, both in hospitals and communities. Implementing infection prevention and control requires a multidisciplinary approach, shared responsibilities, ongoing training, the use of tools such as bundles and audits with feedback, and, above all, a culture of safety that promotes effective adherence to prevention practices.