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Related Concept Videos

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

A Combinatorial Single-cell Approach to Characterize the Molecular and Immunophenotypic Heterogeneity of Human Stem and Progenitor Populations
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scResponse: A Rank-Based Method for Identifying Cell States That Contribute to Immunotherapy Response by Single-Cell

Qi Dong1,2, Haijun Huang3, Yuxiu Wang3

  • 1Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|March 23, 2026
PubMed
Summary

A new algorithm, scResponse, quantifies single-cell responses to immunotherapy, revealing how cellular states impact treatment efficacy. This tool aids in discovering new strategies to improve immunotherapy effectiveness in cancer patients.

Keywords:
cell stateimmunotherapymetabolismsingle‐cell

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Area of Science:

  • Cancer Research
  • Immunology
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Immunotherapy shows promise in cancer treatment but often lacks long-term efficacy.
  • Understanding cellular diversity is key to improving treatment outcomes.
  • Current methods for evaluating immunotherapy efficacy at single-cell resolution are limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an efficient algorithm, scResponse, for quantifying single-cell responses to immunotherapy.
  • To link therapeutic response to specific single-cell states and biological processes.
  • To identify novel targets for enhancing immunotherapy sensitization.

Main Methods:

  • Development and application of the scResponse algorithm.
  • Analysis of single-cell sequencing data to capture cellular subtype and state influences.
  • Integrated analysis across multiple cancer types to identify metabolic pathway associations.

Main Results:

  • scResponse quantifies single-cell responses, revealing influences of vascular normalization, macrophage polarization, CD8+ T cell exhaustion, and fibroblast subtypes.
  • Key metabolic pathways linked to immunotherapy response: glyoxylate/dicarboxylate metabolism (sensitizing) and retinol metabolism (suppressing).
  • Validation of opposing roles of glyoxylate and retinol metabolism in co-culture and mouse models.

Conclusions:

  • scResponse is an effective tool for mapping immunotherapy efficacy to single-cell states.
  • The algorithm enables mechanistic insights into divergent therapeutic outcomes.
  • Findings facilitate target discovery for novel immunotherapy sensitization strategies.