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A High-Quality and Robust Intravascular Electromyography (iEMG) Acquisition Method for Locomotor Tasks.

Ying Du, Gan Liu, Yudong Ma

    IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering : a Publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society
    |March 23, 2026
    PubMed
    Summary

    A new intravascular electromyography (iEMG) method offers superior muscle signal quality during walking compared to traditional surface EMG (sEMG). This technique provides stable, high-fidelity neuromuscular data for advanced rehabilitation applications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Neuroscience
    • Rehabilitation Technology

    Background:

    • Surface electromyography (sEMG) is crucial for neuromuscular assessment but suffers from signal degradation due to motion artifacts and instability during dynamic activities like walking.
    • Limitations in sEMG signal quality and long-term stability hinder its effective use in clinical rehabilitation settings requiring continuous muscle activity monitoring.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce and evaluate a novel intravascular electromyography (iEMG) acquisition technique for improved deep muscle activity recording.
    • To compare the electrophysiological properties and signal stability of iEMG against traditional sEMG during standing and walking in a preclinical model.

    Main Methods:

    • A self-expanding stent sensor with microelectrodes was implanted into the femoral vein adjacent to the tibialis anterior muscle in sheep.
    • Simultaneous iEMG and sEMG signals were recorded during standing and level walking over a three-day period.
    • Signal quality metrics including signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and power spectral density variation were analyzed.

    Main Results:

    • Both iEMG and sEMG showed high correlation in the standing state (Spearman's ρ = 0.9018).
    • During walking, iEMG exhibited a 10.04% higher SNR and a 33.82% lower coefficient of variation in power spectral density compared to sEMG.
    • iEMG demonstrated a 1.51-fold improvement in signal stability, indicating robust performance during dynamic locomotion.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed iEMG method provides high-quality, stable, and robust muscle activity recordings, overcoming the limitations of sEMG during walking.
    • This intravascular approach offers a reliable foundation for long-term neuromuscular monitoring essential for precise clinical rehabilitation applications.