Recombinant Potyvirus lilimaculae in asymptomatic Galanthus nivalis: Ecological and evolutionary implications

Area of Science:

• Plant Virology
• Molecular Biology
• Conservation Genetics

Background:

• Snowdrops (Galanthus spp.) are economically significant geophytes, protected under EU regulations and international trade agreements.
• Virological research on Galanthus is limited, with only Snowdrop virus Y previously identified.
• Potyviruses are a significant threat to plant health and agriculture globally.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the virological status of wild and cultivated snowdrop samples.
• To identify and characterize any detected viral pathogens.
• To assess the implications of viral infections for snowdrop conservation and horticulture.

Main Methods:

• Sample collection of wild and cultivated snowdrops adhering to permit conditions.
• Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for virus detection.
• Direct sequencing, cloning, BLAST analysis, and phylogenetic analysis for viral identification and characterization.

Main Results:

• Potyvirus infection was detected in snowdrop samples using ELISA and RT-PCR.
• Sequencing identified three snowdrop isolates with high nucleotide identity (≥96%) to Potyvirus lilimaculae (LMoV).
• Pathogenicity was confirmed through sap inoculation, and phylogenetic analysis revealed LMoV isolates clustered within subgroup II with recombination signals.

Conclusions:

• Potyvirus lilimaculae (LMoV) is present in wild and cultivated snowdrop populations, including asymptomatic plants.
• The findings necessitate reassessment of conservation strategies, horticultural practices, and phytosanitary regulations for snowdrops.
• This study contributes to understanding Potyviridae evolution and virus reservoir dynamics in protected plant species.