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Wnt is a zygotic effect gene that is expressed during very early embryonic development. It regulates various processes in animals starting from early development through the adult stage, such as organogenesis in the embryo and maintenance of neuronal and blood stem cells. Wnt proteins can induce a wide variety of intracellular pathways depending upon the specific abilities of different Wnt ligands to form a complex with shared and cognate receptors in the presence of different co-receptors. The...
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The gene encoding the main signaling molecules of the Wnt signaling pathways (the Wnt proteins) was discovered almost four decades ago by Nüsslein-Volhard and Wieschaus. They identified and originally named the gene "wingless" (wg) after a phenotype discovered during their landmark genetic screen in Drosophila for body pattern defects. At around the same time, another researcher named Harold Varmus found that a murine tumor virus activates the mammalian wg homolog, Int-1, which...
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Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular carcinoma receptor (Eph) and its ligand, Eph receptor-interacting protein (Ephrin) were first discovered in the human carcinoma cell line, hence the name. Ephrin-Eph interaction guides cells to reach their appropriate location in adult tissues. They also play an essential role in the immune system by helping in immune cell migration, adhesion, and activation. Based on their structure and function, Eph is divided into two classes — EphA and EphB.
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Canonical WNT signalling governs Echinococcus metacestode development.

Ruth Herrmann1, Michaela Herz1, Kilian Rudolf1

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Canonical WNT signaling is crucial for Echinococcus multilocularis metacestode growth. Knocking down beta-catenin impairs vesicle formation and causes anteriorization, revealing targets for alveolar echinococcosis (AE) chemotherapy.

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Area of Science:

  • Parasitology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a lethal zoonosis caused by Echinococcus multilocularis.
  • The Echinococcus metacestode exhibits unique posteriorized tissue organization.
  • Canonical WNT (cWNT) signaling pathways pattern body axes in metazoans.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of cWNT signaling in Echinococcus metacestode formation and growth.
  • To determine if bcat-1, the effector of cWNT signaling, is critical for metacestode development.

Main Methods:

  • RNA interference (RNAi) mediated knockdown of E. multilocularis bcat-1 gene.
  • Primary parasite cell culture producing metacestode vesicles.
  • Genome-wide transcriptomics and in situ hybridization.

Main Results:

  • bcat-1 knockdown impaired vesicle formation and altered muscle organization.
  • Gene expression showed a general anteriorization, with increased head-inducing factors.
  • Metacestode-specific and posterior genes were downregulated, while anterior markers were overexpressed.

Conclusions:

  • cWNT signaling is central to Echinococcus body-axis formation and posteriorization.
  • This pathway drives metacestode growth and asexual proliferation.
  • Findings suggest potential therapeutic targets for alveolar echinococcosis.